Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Int Breastfeed J. 2023 Mar 10;18(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s13006-023-00553-5.
Little is known about women's experience of care and views on early breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway.
Women (n = 2922) who gave birth in a facility in Norway between March 2020 and June 2021 were invited to answer an online questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO) Standard-based quality measures, exploring their experiences of care and views on early breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine associations between year of birth (2020, 2021) and early breastfeeding-related factors, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression. Qualitative data were analysed using Systematic Text Condensation.
Compared to the first year of the pandemic (2020), women who gave birth in 2021 reported higher odds of experiencing adequate breastfeeding support (adjOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.35, 2.38), immediate attention from healthcare providers when needed (adjOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.49, 2.39), clear communication from healthcare providers (adjOR 1.76; 95% CI 1.39, 2.22), being allowed companion of choice (adjOR 1.47; 95% CI 1.21, 1.79), adequate visiting hours for partner (adjOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.68), adequate number of healthcare providers (adjOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.02, 1.52), and adequate professionalism of the healthcare providers (adjOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.32, 2.08). Compared to 2020, in 2021 we found no difference in skin-to-skin contact, early breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding at discharge, adequate number of women per room, or women's satisfaction. In their comments, women described understaffed postnatal wards, early discharge and highlighted the importance of breastfeeding support, and concerns about long-term consequences such as postpartum depression.
In the second year of the pandemic, WHO Standard-based quality measures related to breastfeeding improved for women giving birth in Norway compared to the first year of the pandemic. Women's general satisfaction with care during COVID-19 did however not improve significantly from 2020 to 2021. Compared to pre-pandemic data, our findings suggest an initial decrease in exclusive breastfeeding at discharge during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway with little difference comparing 2020 versus 2021. Our findings should alert researchers, policy makers and clinicians in postnatal care services to improve future practices.
在挪威，针对 COVID-19 大流行期间女性的护理体验和对早期母乳喂养的看法知之甚少。
2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 6 月期间在挪威医疗机构分娩的女性（n=2922）受邀回答一份基于世界卫生组织（WHO）标准的质量指标的在线问卷，以调查她们在 COVID-19 大流行期间的护理体验和对早期母乳喂养的看法。为了检验出生年份（2020 年、2021 年）与早期母乳喂养相关因素之间的关联，我们使用多因素逻辑回归估计了比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。使用系统文本浓缩法分析定性数据。
与大流行的第一年（2020 年）相比，2021 年分娩的女性报告说获得足够母乳喂养支持的几率更高（调整后的 OR 1.79；95%CI 1.35，2.38），在需要时能立即获得医护人员的关注（调整后的 OR 1.89；95%CI 1.49，2.39），医护人员的沟通更清晰（调整后的 OR 1.76；95%CI 1.39，2.22），允许选择陪伴者（调整后的 OR 1.47；95%CI 1.21，1.79），伴侣有足够的探视时间（调整后的 OR 1.35；95%CI 1.09，1.68），有足够数量的医护人员（调整后的 OR 1.24；95%CI 1.02，1.52），医护人员有足够的专业精神（调整后的 OR 1.65；95%CI 1.32，2.08）。与 2020 年相比，2021 年在皮肤接触、早期母乳喂养、出院时纯母乳喂养、每个房间的产妇人数以及女性满意度方面没有差异。在评论中，女性描述了人手不足的产后病房、提前出院，并强调了母乳喂养支持的重要性，以及对产后抑郁症等长期后果的担忧。
在大流行的第二年，与大流行第一年相比，在挪威分娩的女性的 WHO 标准相关的母乳喂养质量措施有所改善。然而，与 2020 年相比，女性对 COVID-19 期间护理的总体满意度并没有显著提高。与疫情前的数据相比，我们的研究结果表明，在挪威，COVID-19 大流行期间，出院时纯母乳喂养的比例最初有所下降，而 2020 年与 2021 年相比，这一比例几乎没有差异。我们的研究结果应该提醒产后护理服务的研究人员、政策制定者和临床医生改进未来的实践。
