Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023 Aug 27;78(9):1535-1542. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad082.
People who have a balanced diet and engage in more physical activity live longer, healthier lives. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that these associations reflect a slowing of biological processes of aging. We analyzed data from 42 625 participants (aged 20-84 years, 51% female participants) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 1999-2018. We calculated adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and level of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) using standard methods. We measured biological aging by applying the PhenoAge algorithm, developed using clinical and mortality data from NHANES-III (1988-94), to clinical chemistries measured from a blood draw at the time of the survey. We tested the associations of diet and physical activity measures with biological aging, explored synergies between these health behaviors, and tested heterogeneity in their associations across strata of age, sex, and body mass index. Participants who adhered to the MeDi and who did more LTPA had younger biological ages compared with those who had less-healthy lifestyles (high vs low MeDi tertiles: β = 0.14 standard deviation [SD] [95% confidence interval {CI}: -0.18, -0.11]; high vs sedentary LTPA, β = 0.12 SD [-0.15, -0.09]), in models controlled for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Healthy diet and regular physical activity were independently associated with lower clinically defined biological aging, regardless of age, sex, and BMI category.
饮食均衡、多进行身体活动的人会活得更长久、更健康。本研究旨在检验以下假设：这些关联反映了衰老的生物过程减缓。我们分析了来自 1999 年至 2018 年全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的 42625 名参与者（年龄 20-84 岁，51%为女性参与者）的数据。我们使用标准方法计算了地中海饮食（MeDi）的依从性和休闲时间体力活动（LTPA）的水平。我们通过应用 PhenoAge 算法来衡量生物衰老，该算法是使用来自 NHANES-III（1988-94 年）的临床和死亡率数据以及在调查时进行的血液检查中的临床化学数据开发的。我们检验了饮食和身体活动措施与生物衰老的关联，探索了这些健康行为之间的协同作用，并检验了它们在年龄、性别和体重指数的不同分层中的关联的异质性。与生活方式不太健康的人相比，遵循 MeDi 饮食且进行更多 LTPA 的参与者的生物年龄更年轻（高 vs 低 MeDi 三分位组：β=0.14 标准差[SD] [95%置信区间{CI}：-0.18，-0.11]；高 vs 久坐 LTPA，β=0.12 SD [-0.15，-0.09]），这些模型控制了人口统计学和社会经济特征。健康的饮食和有规律的身体活动与较低的临床定义的生物衰老独立相关，无论年龄、性别和 BMI 类别如何。
