Esposito Simona, Gialluisi Alessandro, Costanzo Simona, Di Castelnuovo Augusto, Ruggiero Emilia, De Curtis Amalia, Persichillo Mariarosaria, Cerletti Chiara, Donati Maria Benedetta, de Gaetano Giovanni, Iacoviello Licia, Bonaccio Marialaura
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy.
Clin Nutr. 2022 May;41(5):1025-1033. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.023. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Biological age (BA) is the hypothetical underlying age of an organism and has been proposed as a more powerful predictor of health than chronological age (CA). The difference between BA and CA (Δage) reflects the rate of biological aging, with lower values indicating slowed-down aging. We sought to compare the relationship of four a priori-defined dietary patterns, including a traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) and three non-Mediterranean diets, with biological aging (Δage) among Italian adults. We also examined distinctive nutritional traits of these diets as potential mediators of such associations.
Cross-sectional analysis on a sub-cohort of 4510 subjects (aged ≥35 y; 52.0% women) from the Moli-sani Study (enrolment, 2005-2010). Food intake was recorded by a 188-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. A Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was used as exposure and compared with non-Mediterranean dietary patterns, i.e. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), Palaeolithic and the Nordic diets. A Deep Neural Network based on 36 blood biomarkers was used to compute BA and the resulting Δage (BA-CA), which was tested as outcome in multivariable linear regressions adjusted for clinical factors, lifestyles and sociodemographic factors.
In a multivariable-adjusted model, 1 standard deviation increase in the MDS was inversely associated with Δage (β = -0.23; 95%CI -0.40, -0.07), and similar findings were observed with the DASH diet (β = -0.17; 95%CI -0.33, -0.01). High dietary polyphenol content explained 29.8% (p = 0.04) and 65.8% (p = 0.02) of these associations, respectively, while other nutritional factors analysed (e.g. dietary fibre) were unlikely to be on the pathway. No significant associations were found with either the Palaeolithic or the Nordic diets.
Increasing adherence to either the traditional MD or the DASH diet was associated with delayed biological aging, possibly through their high polyphenol content.
生物学年龄（BA）是生物体潜在的假设年龄，有人提出它比实际年龄（CA）更能有力地预测健康状况。BA与CA的差值（Δ年龄）反映了生物衰老的速率，该值越低表明衰老减缓。我们旨在比较四种预先定义的饮食模式（包括传统地中海饮食（MD）和三种非地中海饮食）与意大利成年人生物衰老（Δ年龄）之间的关系。我们还研究了这些饮食独特的营养特征，作为这种关联的潜在中介因素。
对莫利萨尼研究（2005 - 2010年招募）中4510名受试者（年龄≥35岁；52.0%为女性）的一个亚队列进行横断面分析。通过一份包含188个条目的半定量食物频率问卷记录食物摄入量。使用地中海饮食评分（MDS）作为暴露因素，并与非地中海饮食模式（即得舒饮食（DASH）、旧石器饮食和北欧饮食）进行比较。基于36种血液生物标志物的深度神经网络用于计算BA以及由此得出的Δ年龄（BA - CA），并在针对临床因素、生活方式和社会人口学因素进行调整的多变量线性回归中，将其作为结果进行检验。
在多变量调整模型中，MDS增加1个标准差与Δ年龄呈负相关（β = -0.23；95%置信区间 -0.40，-0.07），得舒饮食也观察到类似结果（β = -0.17；95%置信区间 -0.33，-0.01）。高膳食多酚含量分别解释了这些关联的29.8%（p = 0.04）和65.8%（p = 0.02），而分析的其他营养因素（如膳食纤维）不太可能在该关联路径上。旧石器饮食和北欧饮食均未发现显著关联。
增加对传统MD或得舒饮食的依从性与生物衰老延迟相关，可能是通过它们的高多酚含量实现的。
