Department of Neuropediatrics and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Epilepsia. 2023 Dec;64 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S25-S36. doi: 10.1111/epi.17578. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
Electroencephalography (EEG) has been the primary diagnostic tool in clinical epilepsy for nearly a century. Its review is performed using qualitative clinical methods that have changed little over time. However, the intersection of higher resolution digital EEG and analytical tools developed in the past decade invites a re-exploration of relevant methodology. In addition to the established spatial and temporal markers of spikes and high-frequency oscillations, novel markers involving advanced postprocessing and active probing of the interictal EEG are gaining ground. This review provides an overview of the EEG-based passive and active markers of cortical excitability in epilepsy and of the techniques developed to facilitate their identification. Several different emerging tools are discussed in the context of specific EEG applications and the barriers we must overcome to translate these tools into clinical practice.
脑电图（EEG）在临床癫痫诊断中已有近一个世纪的历史。其检查是使用定性的临床方法进行的，这些方法随时间变化很小。然而，高分辨率数字脑电图与过去十年中开发的分析工具的交叉点，邀请对相关方法进行重新探索。除了尖峰和高频振荡的既定时空标记外，涉及先进的事后处理和对发作间期脑电图进行主动探测的新型标记也越来越多。本文综述了基于脑电图的癫痫皮质兴奋性的被动和主动标记物，以及为促进其识别而开发的技术。本文在特定的脑电图应用背景下讨论了几种不同的新兴工具，以及我们必须克服的障碍，以将这些工具转化为临床实践。
