Zhang Wenwen, Zhou Ying, Fang Xuelan, Zhao Shengjun, Wu Yi, Zhang Haonan, Cui Liangwei, Cui Peng
Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation, Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali 671003, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 28;13(5):882. doi: 10.3390/ani13050882.
The rapid development of urbanization has changed landscape patterns and biological habitats severely and, therefore, affected biodiversity. In this study, we selected 75 townships in Lishui, a mountainous area in eastern China, to conduct bird surveys for two years. We analyzed the birds' composition characters in townships with different levels of development in order to identify the effects on bird diversity of the urban development level, land cover pattern, landscape pattern, and other factors. In total, 296 bird species from 18 orders and 67 families were recorded between December 2019 and January 2021. A total of 166 species of birds belonged to (56.08%). The seventy-five townships were divided into three grades by K-means cluster analysis. The average number of bird species, richness index, and diversity index were higher in G-H (highest urban development level) compared with the other grades. At the township level, landscape diversity and landscape fragmentation were the key factors that positively affected the bird species number, diversity index, and richness index. Landscape diversity had a greater effect than landscape fragmentation, particularly on the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. The diversity and heterogeneity of urban landscapes could be improved by constructing biological habitats in future urban development planning to maintain and increase biodiversity. The results obtained in this study provide a theoretical basis for urban planning in mountainous areas, and a reference for policymakers to formulate biodiversity conservation strategies, construct reasonable biodiversity patterns, and solve practical biodiversity conservation problems.
城市化的快速发展严重改变了景观格局和生物栖息地，进而影响了生物多样性。在本研究中，我们选取了中国东部山区丽水市的75个乡镇，进行了为期两年的鸟类调查。我们分析了不同发展水平乡镇的鸟类组成特征，以确定城市发展水平、土地覆盖格局、景观格局和其他因素对鸟类多样性的影响。在2019年12月至2021年1月期间，共记录到18目67科的296种鸟类。共有166种鸟类属于（56.08%）。通过K均值聚类分析，将75个乡镇分为三个等级。与其他等级相比，G-H（城市发展水平最高）的鸟类平均种类数、丰富度指数和多样性指数更高。在乡镇层面，景观多样性和景观破碎化是对鸟类种类数、多样性指数和丰富度指数产生积极影响的关键因素。景观多样性的影响大于景观破碎化，特别是对香农-威纳多样性指数的影响。在未来的城市发展规划中，通过构建生物栖息地来改善城市景观的多样性和异质性，以维持和增加生物多样性。本研究所得结果为山区城市规划提供了理论依据，为政策制定者制定生物多样性保护策略、构建合理的生物多样性格局以及解决实际的生物多样性保护问题提供了参考。
