Department of Social Sciences in Health, Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 28;20(5):4331. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054331.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, leading to the increase of depressive symptoms. Identifying these symptoms and the factors associated with them in women and men will allow us to understand possible mechanisms of action and develop more specific interventions. An online survey was conducted from 1 May to 30 June 2020 using snowball sampling; the final sample comprised 4122 adult inhabitants of Mexico; 35% of the total sample displayed moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, with a greater proportion of depression being among female respondents. A logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals under 30 years of age, those with high levels of stress due to social distancing, those with negative emotions, and those who reported a significant impact of the pandemic on their lives have a higher risk of depression. Women with a history of mental health treatment and men with a history of chronic disease were also more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Social environment and sex are factors that intervene in the development of depressive symptoms, meaning that appropriate early identification and intervention models should be designed for the care of men and women in highly disruptive situations such as the recent pandemic.
COVID-19 大流行对心理健康产生了重大影响，导致抑郁症状增加。识别这些症状以及与这些症状相关的因素，将有助于我们了解可能的作用机制，并制定更具体的干预措施。本研究于 2020 年 5 月 1 日至 6 月 30 日采用滚雪球抽样方法进行了一项在线调查；最终样本包括 4122 名墨西哥成年居民；总样本的 35%显示出中重度抑郁症状，其中女性的抑郁比例更高。逻辑回归分析显示，年龄在 30 岁以下、因社交隔离而承受高压力、情绪消极以及报告大流行对其生活产生重大影响的个体，抑郁风险更高。有精神健康治疗史的女性和有慢性病史的男性也更有可能出现抑郁症状。社会环境和性别是影响抑郁症状发展的因素，这意味着应该为男性和女性设计适当的早期识别和干预模式，以应对最近大流行等高度混乱的情况。
