Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
Connecticut Uveitis Foundation, 1043 Farmington Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06107, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 23;24(5):4391. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054391.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the progressive deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the central and peripheral autonomous system and the intraneuronal cytoplasmic accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein. The clinical features are the classic triad of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia and a set of non-motor symptoms, including visual deficits. The latter seems to arise years before the onset of motor symptoms and reflects the course of brain disease. The retina, by virtue of its similarity to brain tissue, is an excellent site for the analysis of the known histopathological changes of PD that occur in the brain. Numerous studies conducted on animal and human models of PD have shown the presence of α-synuclein in retinal tissue. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) could be a technique that enables the study of these retinal alterations in vivo. The objective of this review is to describe recent evidence on the accumulation of native or modified α-synuclein in the human retina of patients with PD and its effects on the retinal tissue evaluated through SD-OCT.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是中枢和外周自主神经系统的多巴胺能神经元进行性恶化，以及错误折叠的α-突触核蛋白在细胞内的细胞质中积累。临床特征为震颤、僵直和运动徐缓的经典三联征，以及一系列非运动症状，包括视力减退。后者似乎在运动症状出现前数年就出现，反映了大脑疾病的进程。视网膜由于与脑组织相似，是分析发生在大脑中的 PD 已知组织病理学变化的极佳部位。在 PD 的动物和人类模型上进行的大量研究表明，视网膜组织中存在α-突触核蛋白。频域光学相干断层扫描（SD-OCT）可能是一种能够在体内研究这些视网膜改变的技术。本综述的目的是描述最近关于 PD 患者人视网膜中天然或修饰的α-突触核蛋白积累的证据，以及通过 SD-OCT 评估其对视网膜组织的影响。
