Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix" (INYTA), Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 24;24(5):4519. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054519.
Human gut microbiota seems to drive the interaction with host metabolism through microbial metabolites, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. These components determine the host health-disease balance. Recent metabolomics and combined metabolome-microbiome studies have helped to elucidate how these substances could differentially affect the individual host pathophysiology according to several factors and cumulative exposures, such as obesogenic xenobiotics. The present work aims to investigate and interpret newly compiled data from metabolomics and microbiota composition studies, comparing controls with patients suffering from metabolic-related diseases (diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, liver and cardiovascular diseases, etc.). The results showed, first, a differential composition of the most represented genera in healthy individuals compared to patients with metabolic diseases. Second, the analysis of the metabolite counts exhibited a differential composition of bacterial genera in disease compared to health status. Third, qualitative metabolite analysis revealed relevant information about the chemical nature of metabolites related to disease and/or health status. Key microbial genera were commonly considered overrepresented in healthy individuals together with specific metabolites, e.g., and phosphatidylethanolamine; and the opposite, and Phosphatidic Acid, which is converted into the intermediate Cytidine Diphosphate Diacylglycerol-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), were overrepresented in metabolic-related disease patients. However, it was not possible to associate most specific microbiota taxa and metabolites according to their increased and decreased profiles analyzed with health or disease. Interestingly, positive association of essential amino acids with the genera were observed in a cluster related to health, and conversely, benzene derivatives and lipidic metabolites were related to the genera , , , and in a disease cluster. More studies are needed to elucidate the microbiota species and their corresponding metabolites that are key in promoting health or disease status. Moreover, we propose that greater attention should be paid to biliary acids and to microbiota-liver cometabolites and its detoxification enzymes and pathways.
人类肠道微生物群似乎通过微生物代谢物、酶和生物活性化合物来驱动与宿主代谢的相互作用。这些成分决定了宿主的健康-疾病平衡。最近的代谢组学和组合代谢组-微生物组研究有助于阐明这些物质如何根据多种因素和累积暴露（如肥胖相关的外源性化合物），对个体宿主的病理生理学产生不同的影响。本工作旨在研究和解释来自代谢组学和微生物群落组成研究的新编译数据，将对照与患有代谢相关疾病（糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢综合征、肝脏和心血管疾病等）的患者进行比较。结果表明，首先，与患有代谢疾病的患者相比，健康个体中最具代表性的属的组成存在差异。其次，对代谢物计数的分析显示，疾病状态与健康状态相比，细菌属的组成存在差异。第三，定性代谢物分析揭示了与疾病和/或健康状态相关的代谢物的化学性质的相关信息。关键的微生物属通常被认为在健康个体中过度表达，同时伴随着特定的代谢物，例如和磷脂酰乙醇胺；而相反，和磷脂酸在代谢相关疾病患者中过度表达，磷脂酸会转化为中间产物胞苷二磷酸二酰基甘油-二酰基甘油（CDP-DAG）。然而，根据健康或疾病分析中增加和减少的谱，大多数特定的微生物分类群和代谢物无法关联。有趣的是，在与健康相关的聚类中观察到必需氨基酸与属呈正相关，相反，苯衍生物和脂质代谢物与属、、、和呈负相关，在疾病聚类中。需要进一步的研究来阐明促进健康或疾病状态的关键微生物物种及其相应的代谢物。此外，我们建议应更加关注胆酸以及微生物-肝脏共代谢物及其解毒酶和途径。
