Wróblewski Piotr, Niekurzak Mariusz, Kachel Stanisław
Faculty of Mechatronics, Armament and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology and Economics H. Chodkowska in Warsaw, Jutrzenki 135, 02-231 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 24;16(5):1886. doi: 10.3390/ma16051886.
This article presents the issues of control and quality assurance of high-strength railway rail joints. Selected test results and requirements for rail joints made by welding with stationary welders on the basis of the requirements included in the PN-EN standards have been described. In addition, destructive and non-destructive tests of weld quality were performed, including visual tests, geometrical measurements of irregularities, magnetic particle and penetration tests, fracture tests, observations of micro- and macro-structure and hardness measurements. The scope of these studies included conducting tests, monitoring the process and evaluating the results obtained. Laboratory tests on the rail joints confirmed the good quality of the rail joints from the welding shop. Increasingly less damage to the track in places of new welded joints is proof that the methodology of laboratory qualification tests is correct and fulfils its task. The presented research will help educate engineers on the welding mechanism and the importance of quality control of rail joints during their design. The results of this study are of key importance for public safety and will improve knowledge on the correct implementation of the rail joint and how to conduct quality control tests in accordance with the requirements of the currently applicable standards. It will help engineers choose the right welding technique and choose solutions to minimize cracks.
本文介绍了高强度铁路钢轨接头的控制和质量保证问题。基于PN-EN标准中的要求，描述了使用固定式焊机焊接钢轨接头的选定测试结果和要求。此外，还对接头质量进行了破坏性和非破坏性测试，包括外观检查、不平顺几何测量、磁粉探伤和渗透探伤、断裂试验、微观和宏观结构观察以及硬度测量。这些研究的范围包括进行测试、监测过程和评估所得结果。钢轨接头的实验室测试证实了焊接车间生产的钢轨接头质量良好。新焊接接头处轨道的损坏越来越少，这证明实验室鉴定测试方法是正确的，并且完成了其任务。所呈现的研究将有助于工程师了解焊接机理以及在设计钢轨接头时质量控制的重要性。本研究结果对公共安全至关重要，并将增进人们对正确安装钢轨接头以及如何按照现行适用标准进行质量控制测试的认识。它将帮助工程师选择正确的焊接技术，并选择解决方案以尽量减少裂缝。
