植物性饮食与认知老化的关系。
The association between adherence to a plant-based diet and cognitive ageing.
机构信息
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 12, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Eur J Nutr. 2023 Aug;62(5):2053-2062. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03130-y. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
PURPOSE
While the benefits of adopting a more plant-based diet for sustainability and animal welfare are clear, its long-term health impacts, including the impact on cognitive ageing, are limited studied. Therefore, we investigated the associations between plant-based diet adherence and cognitive ageing.
METHODS
Data from a previous intervention study involving community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years were analysed at baseline (n = 658) and after 2-year follow-up (n = 314). Global and domain-specific cognitive functioning were assessed at both timepoints. Overall, healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary indices were calculated from a 190-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression models were applied to test for associations.
RESULTS
After full-adjustment, higher overall adherence to a plant-based diet was not associated with global cognitive function (difference in Z-score, tertile 1 versus 3 [95% CI]: 0.04 [- 0.05, 0.13] p = 0.40) or cognitive change (- 0.04 [- 0.11, 0.04], p = 0.35). Similarly, healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet indices were not associated with cognitive functioning (respectively p = 0.48; p = 0.87) or change (respectively p = 0.21, p = 0.33). Interestingly, we observed fish consumption to influence the association between plant-based diet adherence and cognitive functioning (p-interaction = 0.01), with only individuals with a fish consumption of ≥ 0.93 portion/week benefitting from better overall plant-based diet adherence (β per 10-point increment [95% CI]: 0.12 [0.03, 0.21] p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
We did not demonstrate associations of a more plant-based diet with cognitive ageing. However, possibly such association exists in a subpopulation with higher fish intake. This would be in line with earlier observations that diets rich in plant foods and fish, such as the Mediterranean diet, may be beneficial for cognitive ageing.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00696514) on June 12, 2008.
目的
虽然采用更以植物为基础的饮食来实现可持续性和动物福利的好处是显而易见的，但它对长期健康的影响，包括对认知老化的影响，研究还很有限。因此，我们调查了植物性饮食的坚持程度与认知老化之间的关系。
方法
对一项涉及年龄在 65 岁及以上的社区居民的干预研究的数据进行了分析，该研究在基线时（n=658）和 2 年随访时（n=314）进行了分析。在这两个时间点都评估了整体和特定领域的认知功能。根据一个包含 190 种食物的食物频率问卷，计算了健康和不健康的植物性饮食指数。采用多变量调整的线性回归模型来检验相关性。
结果
在完全调整后，较高的整体植物性饮食坚持程度与全球认知功能（Z 分数的差异，三分位 1 与 3 [95%置信区间]：0.04 [-0.05，0.13] p=0.40）或认知变化（-0.04 [-0.11，0.04]，p=0.35）无关。同样，健康和不健康的植物性饮食指数与认知功能（分别为 p=0.48；p=0.87）或变化（分别为 p=0.21，p=0.33）无关。有趣的是，我们发现鱼类摄入会影响植物性饮食坚持程度与认知功能之间的关系（p 交互作用=0.01），只有鱼类摄入量≥0.93 份/周的个体才能从更好的整体植物性饮食坚持程度中受益（每增加 10 分的增量的 β [95%置信区间]：0.12 [0.03，0.21] p=0.01）。
结论
我们没有证明更植物性饮食与认知老化之间的关联。然而，在鱼类摄入较高的亚人群中，这种关联可能存在。这与早期的观察结果是一致的，即富含植物性食物和鱼类的饮食，如地中海饮食，可能对认知老化有益。
试验注册
2008 年 6 月 12 日在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册（NCT00696514）。
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