以植物为主的健康饮食与非裔美国老年人认知能力下降速度较慢有关：一项基于两族裔的社区队列研究。
A healthy plant-based diet was associated with slower cognitive decline in African American older adults: a biracial community-based cohort.
机构信息
Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Oct 6;116(4):875-886. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac204.
BACKGROUND
African American (AA) adults have about twice the risk of developing dementia compared with white adults. However, evidence on dietary modification in preventing cognitive decline from diverse populations focusing on AA adults is minimal.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the association between a plant-based diet and the rate of cognitive decline in a population-based sample of AA and white adults.
METHODS
This study consisted of 3337 participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (60% AA participants, 64% female). Plant-based diet quality was evaluated by the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful PDI (hPDI), and the unhealthful PDI (uPDI). Global cognition was assessed using a composite score of 4 individual tests of cognition. We used mixed models to examine the associations of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI with the rates of decline in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory. Models were adjusted for age, sex, presence of apoE e4 allele, lifestyle factors including education, cognitive activities, smoking status, calorie intake, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, time, and the interaction terms of time × each covariate.
RESULTS
AA and white participants had various dietary patterns. Higher hPDI was associated with a slower rate of decline in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory in AA participants but not white participants. AA study participants in the highest quintile of hPDI had significantly slower rates of global cognitive decline (β: 0.0183 ± 0.0086; P = 0.032), perceptual speed (β: 0.0179 ± 0.0088; P = 0.04), and episodic memory (β: 0.0163 ± 0.0118; P = 0.04) than individuals in the lowest quintile of hPDI. There were no associations of either PDI or uPDI with the rate of cognitive decline in either racial group.
CONCLUSIONS
A healthy plant-based diet was associated with a slower rate of decline in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory in AA adults.
背景
与白人成年人相比，非裔美国人（AA）成年人患痴呆症的风险大约高出两倍。然而，针对关注非裔美国成年人的不同人群，通过饮食改变来预防认知能力下降的证据非常有限。
目的
我们旨在评估植物性饮食与 AA 和白人成年人人群中认知能力下降速度之间的关联。
方法
本研究包括来自芝加哥健康与老龄化项目的 3337 名参与者（60%为 AA 参与者，64%为女性）。通过整体植物性饮食指数（PDI）、健康 PDI（hPDI）和不健康 PDI（uPDI）评估植物性饮食质量。使用 4 项认知测试的综合评分来评估整体认知。我们使用混合模型来检查 PDI、hPDI 和 uPDI 与全球认知、知觉速度和情景记忆下降率之间的关联。模型调整了年龄、性别、载脂蛋白 E e4 等位基因的存在、包括教育、认知活动、吸烟状况、热量摄入、心血管疾病风险因素、时间以及每个协变量的时间×协变量交互项在内的生活方式因素。
结果
AA 和白人参与者的饮食模式各不相同。在 AA 参与者中，较高的 hPDI 与全球认知、知觉速度和情景记忆下降率较慢有关，但在白人参与者中则没有。hPDI 最高五分位的 AA 研究参与者的全球认知下降速度明显较慢（β：0.0183±0.0086；P=0.032）、知觉速度（β：0.0179±0.0088；P=0.04）和情景记忆（β：0.0163±0.0118；P=0.04）比 hPDI 最低五分位的参与者慢。在这两个种族群体中，PDI 或 uPDI 均与认知下降速度无关。
结论
健康的植物性饮食与 AA 成年人的整体认知、知觉速度和情景记忆下降速度较慢有关。
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