Li Zhengpeng, Bi Jianrong, Hu Zhiyuan, Ma Junyang, Li Bowen
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Semi-arid Climate and Environment, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Semi-arid Climate and Environment, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 May 15;325:121429. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121429. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
A cataclysmic submarine volcano at Hunga Tonga-HungaHa'apai (HTHH) near Tonga, erupted violently on 15 January 2022, which injected a plume of ash cloud soaring into the upper atmosphere. In this study, we examined the regional transportation and potential influence of atmospheric aerosols triggered by HTHH volcano, based on active and passive satellite products, ground-based observations, multi-source reanalysis datasets and atmospheric radiative transfer model. The results indicated that about 0.7 Tg (1 Tg = 10 kg) sulfur dioxide (SO) gas were emitted into stratosphere from the HTHH volcano, and were lifted to an altitude of 30 km. The regional averaged SO columnar content over the western Tonga increased by 10-36 Dobson Units (DU), and the mean aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved from satellite products increased to 0.25-0.34. The stratospheric AOT values caused by HTHH emissions increased to 0.03, 0.20, and 0.23 on 16, 17, and 19 January, respectively, accounting for 1.5%, 21.9%, and 31.1% of total AOT. Ground-based observations also showed an AOT increase of 0.25-0.43, with the maximum daily average of 0.46-0.71 appeared on 17 January. The volcanic aerosols were remarkably dominated by fine-mode particles and posed strong light-scattering and hygroscopic abilities. Consequently, the mean downward surface net shortwave radiative flux was reduced by 2.45-11.9 Wm on different regional scales, and the surface temperature decreased by 0.16-0.42 K. The maximum aerosol extinction coefficient was 0.51 km appeared at 27 km, which resulted in an instantaneous shortwave heating rate of 1.80 Khour. These volcanic materials stayed stable in the stratosphere and completed one circle around the earth within 15 days. This would exert a profound influence on the energy budget, water vapor and ozone exchange in the stratosphere, which deserves to be further studied.
汤加附近的洪阿哈阿帕伊岛（HTHH）发生了一场灾难性的海底火山喷发，于2022年1月15日剧烈爆发，喷射出的一股火山灰云升入高层大气。在本研究中，我们基于主动和被动卫星产品、地基观测、多源再分析数据集以及大气辐射传输模型，研究了HTHH火山引发的大气气溶胶的区域传输及其潜在影响。结果表明，HTHH火山向平流层排放了约0.7太克（1太克 = 10¹²千克）的二氧化硫（SO₂）气体，并被提升到30千米的高度。汤加西部的区域平均SO₂柱状含量增加了10 - 36多布森单位（DU），从卫星产品反演得到的平均气溶胶光学厚度（AOT）增加到0.25 - 0.34。由HTHH排放导致的平流层AOT值在1月16日、17日和19日分别增加到0.03、0.20和0.23，分别占总AOT的1.5%、21.9%和31.1%。地基观测也显示AOT增加了0.25 - 0.43，1月17日出现的日平均最大值为0.46 - 0.71。火山气溶胶以细模态颗粒为主，具有很强的光散射和吸湿能力。因此，在不同区域尺度上，平均向下的地表净短波辐射通量减少了2.45 - 11.9瓦每平方米，地表温度下降了0.16 - 0.42开尔文。最大气溶胶消光系数为0.51每千米，出现在27千米高度，导致瞬时短波加热率为1.80开尔文每小时。这些火山物质在平流层中保持稳定，并在15天内环绕地球一圈。这将对平流层的能量收支、水汽和臭氧交换产生深远影响，值得进一步研究。
