Dept. of Medical Life Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, Japan; Institute of Immunology, Junsei Educational Institute, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, Japan.
Department of Academic Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan; MabGenesis KK, Nagoya, Japan.
Vaccine. 2023 Apr 6;41(15):2427-2429. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.005. Epub 2023 Mar 8.
A potential risk associated with vaccines for COVID-19 is antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE) in which vaccine induced antibody mediated immune responses may lead to enhanced SARS CoV- 2 acquisition or increased disease severity. Though ADE has not been clinically demonstrated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines so far, when neutralizing antibodies are suboptimal, the severity of COVID-19 has been reported to be greater. ADE is presumed to occur via abnormal macrophages induced by the vaccine based immune response by antibody-mediated virus uptake into Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) or by the formation of Fc-mediated excessive antibody effector functions. Beta-glucans which are naturally occurring polysaccharides known for unique immunomodulation by capability to interact with macrophages, eliciting a specific beneficial immune-response and enhancing all arms of the immune system, importantly without over-activation are suggested as safer nutritional supplement-based vaccine adjuvants for COVID-19.
与 COVID-19 疫苗相关的一个潜在风险是抗体依赖的疾病增强（ADE），其中疫苗诱导的抗体介导的免疫反应可能导致增强的 SARS-CoV-2 获得或增加疾病严重程度。尽管到目前为止，还没有任何 COVID-19 疫苗在临床上证明了 ADE 的存在，但当中和抗体不足时，据报道 COVID-19 的严重程度更大。ADE 被认为是通过疫苗基于免疫反应诱导的异常巨噬细胞发生的，通过抗体介导的病毒摄取到 Fc 受体 IIa（FcγRIIa），或者通过形成 Fc 介导的过度抗体效应功能。β-葡聚糖是一种天然存在的多糖，已知通过与巨噬细胞相互作用具有独特的免疫调节作用，引发特定的有益免疫反应，并增强免疫系统的所有分支，重要的是不会过度激活，被认为是 COVID-19 更安全的基于营养补充剂的疫苗佐剂。
