University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wenckebach Institute for Education and Training, Simulation Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
BMC Med Educ. 2023 Mar 13;23(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04046-1.
Repeated practice, or spacing, can improve various types of skill acquisition. Similarly, virtual reality (VR) simulators have demonstrated their effectiveness in fostering surgical skill acquisition and provide a promising, realistic environment for spaced training. To explore how spacing impacts VR simulator-based acquisition of surgical psychomotor skills, we performed a systematic literature review.
We systematically searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ERIC and CINAHL for studies investigating the influence of spacing on the effectiveness of VR simulator training focused on psychomotor skill acquisition in healthcare professionals. We assessed the quality of all included studies using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool. We extracted and aggregated qualitative data regarding spacing interval, psychomotor task performance and several other performance metrics.
The searches yielded 1662 unique publications. After screening the titles and abstracts, 53 publications were retained for full text screening and 7 met the inclusion criteria. Spaced training resulted in better performance scores and faster skill acquisition when compared to control groups with a single day (massed) training session. Spacing across consecutive days seemed more effective than shorter or longer spacing intervals. However, the included studies were too heterogeneous in terms of spacing interval, obtained performance metrics and psychomotor skills analysed to allow for a meta-analysis to substantiate our outcomes.
Spacing in VR simulator-based surgical training improved skill acquisition when compared to massed training. The overall number and quality of available studies were only moderate, limiting the validity and generalizability of our findings.
重复练习或间隔练习可以提高各种类型的技能习得。同样，虚拟现实（VR）模拟器已经证明了它们在促进手术技能习得方面的有效性，并为间隔训练提供了一个有前途的现实环境。为了探索间隔练习对基于 VR 模拟器的手术心理运动技能习得的影响，我们进行了系统的文献回顾。
我们系统地检索了 PubMed、PsycINFO、心理学和行为科学数据库、ERIC 和 CINAHL 数据库，以寻找研究 VR 模拟器培训对医疗保健专业人员心理运动技能习得效果的影响的研究。我们使用医学教育研究研究质量工具（MERSQI）评估所有纳入研究的质量，并使用 Cochrane 协作风险偏倚评估工具评估风险偏倚。我们提取并汇总了关于间隔时间、心理运动任务表现和其他几个表现指标的定性数据。
搜索产生了 1662 个独特的出版物。在筛选标题和摘要后，保留了 53 篇全文进行筛选，有 7 篇符合纳入标准。与只进行了一天（集中）培训的对照组相比，间隔训练可获得更好的表现分数和更快的技能习得。与较短或较长的间隔相比，连续几天的间隔似乎更有效。然而，由于间隔时间、获得的表现指标和分析的心理运动技能在纳入的研究中存在很大的异质性，因此无法进行荟萃分析来证实我们的结果。
与集中训练相比，基于 VR 模拟器的手术培训中的间隔练习可提高技能习得。可用研究的数量和质量总体上仅为中等，限制了我们研究结果的有效性和普遍性。
