Hypoglycemic and HO-induced oxidative injury protective effects and the phytochemical profiles of the ethyl acetate fraction from .

(RPA) is often used as food and medicine. This study aimed to enrich and identify the antioxidant and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds from RPA. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS scavenging ability, and α-glucosidase inhibition ability (IC = 7.27 μg/ml). The EAF could alleviate HO-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by decreasing the MDA and ROS levels, improving cell apoptosis, increasing the enzyme activity of GPX-Px, CAT, SOD, Na/K-ATP, and Ca/Mg-ATP, and stimulating T-AOC expression, which also enhanced the glucose uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In addition, the EAF significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. An HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis displayed that procyanidin, digallic acid isomer, methyl gallate, tetragalloylglucose isomer, dimethyl gallic acid, and paeoniflorin were the major compounds in the EAF. These findings are meaningful for the application of the EAF in the medicinal or food industry to prevent and treat oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus.