Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Feb 23;14:1113178. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113178. eCollection 2023.
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a biomarker commonly used to detect colorectal cancer. CEA levels are affected by many factors, including cardiometabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes. Cardiometabolic diseases and cancer share a similar pathological inflammatory pathway, which correlates with an unhealthy lifestyle. Hence, establishing an adequate CEA cut-off value might be a valuable reference for developing precision healthcare programs for cardiometabolic disease prevention. This study aimed to investigate the association between cardiometabolic risks and serum CEA and the underlying factors.
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2021 on the western coast of Taiwan. Lifestyle data were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The cardiometabolic biomarkers, serum CEA, urine malondialdehyde, and 1-hydroxypyrene were quantified by the central laboratory of the collaborating hospital. Chi-square and binary multivariable logistic regression implemented in R version 4.0.2 were used to identify factors defining the risk of high serum CEA levels.
A total of 6,295 adult residents without cancer-related diseases completed the study. The mean age was 48.6 (SD = 16.4) years, 56% were female, 32% had metabolic syndrome, and 23% and 10% had CVDs and diabetes, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age ≥ 65 years, male sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, infrequent use of dental floss, fewer remaining teeth, CVDs, diabetes, and oxidative stress were significantly associated with serum CEA ≥ 3 ng/mL. The discriminatory performance of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75 (0.73-0.76), showing that this model was suitable for distinguishing high CEA levels.
Our findings highlight the importance of understanding cardiometabolic diseases, unhealthy lifestyles, and oxidative stress, which contribute to high serum CEA. This study demonstrates that CEA, a well-known tumor marker, can help the early detection and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases personalized lifestyle modification.
血清癌胚抗原（CEA）是一种常用于检测结直肠癌的生物标志物。CEA 水平受许多因素影响，包括心血管疾病（CVD）和糖尿病等代谢性疾病。代谢性疾病和癌症具有相似的病理炎症途径，这与不健康的生活方式有关。因此，确定适当的 CEA 截断值可能是制定代谢性疾病预防精准医疗计划的有价值参考。本研究旨在探讨代谢性心血管风险与血清 CEA 之间的关系及其潜在因素。
2021 年 3 月至 12 月在台湾西海岸进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。使用结构化问卷评估生活方式数据。代谢性心血管生物标志物血清 CEA、尿液丙二醛和 1-羟基芘由合作医院的中心实验室定量。R 版本 4.0.2 中的卡方检验和二元多变量逻辑回归用于确定定义高血清 CEA 水平风险的因素。
共有 6295 名无癌症相关疾病的成年居民完成了研究。平均年龄为 48.6（标准差=16.4）岁，56%为女性，32%患有代谢综合征，23%和 10%分别患有 CVD 和糖尿病。多变量逻辑回归显示，年龄≥65 岁、男性、饮酒、吸烟、不常使用牙线、牙齿残留较少、CVD、糖尿病和氧化应激与血清 CEA≥3ng/mL 显著相关。受试者工作特征曲线下面积的判别性能为 0.75（0.73-0.76），表明该模型适合区分高 CEA 水平。
我们的研究结果强调了了解代谢性心血管疾病、不健康的生活方式和氧化应激对高血清 CEA 的重要性。本研究表明，CEA 作为一种著名的肿瘤标志物，可以帮助早期检测和预防代谢性心血管疾病，并通过个性化的生活方式改变进行预防。
