Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenhe District, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(19):56108-56120. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26141-y. Epub 2023 Mar 13.
The coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals in soil has attracted increasing attention due to their negative effects on microorganisms. However, how antibiotics and heavy metals affect functional microorganisms related to nitrogen cycle remains unclear. The goals of this work were to explore the individual and combined effects of sulfamethazine (SMT) and cadmium (Cd), selected as target pollutants in soil, on potential nitrification rates (PNR) and ammonia oxidizers (ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)) structure and diversity by 56-day cultivation experiment. Results showed that PNR in Cd- or SMT-treated soil decreased at the beginning of the experiment and then increased over time. PNR was significantly correlated with AOA and AOB-amoA relative abundance (P < 0.01). SMT addition (10 and 100 mg kg) significantly improved AOA activity by 13.93% and 17.93%, respectively, and had no effect on AOB at day 1. Conversely, Cd at 10 mg kg significantly inhibited AOA and AOB by 34.34% and 37.39%, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of AOA and AOB in combined SMT and Cd addition clearly higher relative to single Cd at 1 day. The single and combined Cd and SMT increased and reduced the community richness of AOA and AOB, respectively, but reduced the diversity of both after 56 days. Cd and SMT treatments significantly changed the relative abundance of AOA phylum levels and AOB genus levels in the soil. It was mainly manifested in reducing the relative abundance of AOA Thaumarchaeota, and increasing the relative abundance of AOB Nitrosospira. Besides, AOB Nitrosospira was more tolerant to the compound addition of both than single application.
土壤中抗生素和重金属共存由于它们对微生物的负面影响而引起了越来越多的关注。然而，抗生素和重金属如何影响与氮循环相关的功能微生物尚不清楚。本研究的目的是通过 56 天的培养实验，探索土壤中选定的目标污染物磺胺甲恶唑（SMT）和镉（Cd）的单独及联合作用对潜在硝化速率（PNR）和氨氧化微生物（氨氧化古菌（AOA）和氨氧化细菌（AOB））结构和多样性的影响。结果表明，Cd 或 SMT 处理土壤中的 PNR 在实验开始时降低，然后随着时间的推移而增加。PNR 与 AOA 和 AOB-amoA 相对丰度显著相关（P<0.01）。添加 SMT（10 和 100 mg kg）分别显著提高了 AOA 活性 13.93%和 17.93%，而在第 1 天对 AOB 没有影响。相反，10 mg kg 的 Cd 分别显著抑制了 AOA 和 AOB 的活性，抑制率分别为 34.34%和 37.39%。此外，在第 1 天，与单独添加 Cd 相比，同时添加 SMT 和 Cd 明显增加了 AOA 和 AOB 的相对丰度。SMT 和 Cd 的单独和联合添加分别增加和减少了 AOA 和 AOB 的群落丰富度，但在 56 天后降低了两者的多样性。Cd 和 SMT 处理显著改变了土壤中 AOA 门水平和 AOB 属水平的相对丰度。主要表现为降低 AOA Thaumarchaeota 的相对丰度，增加 AOB Nitrosospira 的相对丰度。此外，AOB Nitrosospira 对两种物质的复合添加比单一添加更具耐受性。
