Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Psychiatry Res. 2023 May;323:115150. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115150. Epub 2023 Mar 5.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a high burden in the general population. The exposure to an accumulation of risk factors, as opposed to a single risk, may have been associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. This study aimed to (1) identify subgroups of individuals with distinct constellations of risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) investigate differences in levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. German participants (N = 2245) were recruited between June-September 2020 through an online survey (ADJUST study). Latent class analysis (LCA) and multiple group analyses (Wald-tests) were conducted to identify profiles of risk factors and examine differences in symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-2). The LCA included 14 robust risk factors of different domains, for example, sociodemographic (e.g., age), health-related (e.g., trauma), and pandemic-related (e.g., reduced income) factors. The LCA identified three risk profiles: High sociodemographic risk (11.7%), high social and moderate health-related risk (18.0%), and low general risk (70.3%). Individuals with high sociodemographic risk reported significantly higher symptom levels of depression and anxiety than the remaining groups. A better understanding of risk factor profiles could help to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs during pandemics.
新冠疫情给普通人群带来了沉重负担。相较于单一风险因素，暴露于多种风险因素下可能与疫情期间更高水平的抑郁和焦虑症状相关。本研究旨在：（1）确定新冠疫情期间具有不同风险因素组合的个体亚组；（2）探讨抑郁和焦虑症状的差异。2020 年 6 月至 9 月期间，通过在线调查（ADJUST 研究）招募了德国参与者（N=2245）。采用潜在类别分析（LCA）和多组分析（Wald 检验）识别风险因素的特征，并比较抑郁症状（PHQ-9）和焦虑症状（GAD-2）的差异。LCA 纳入了来自不同领域的 14 个稳健风险因素，例如社会人口统计学因素（如年龄）、健康相关因素（如创伤）和与疫情相关的因素（如收入减少）。LCA 确定了三种风险特征：高社会人口统计学风险（11.7%）、高社会和中度健康相关风险（18.0%）和低总体风险（70.3%）。具有高社会人口统计学风险的个体报告的抑郁和焦虑症状明显高于其他组。更好地了解风险因素特征有助于在大流行期间制定有针对性的预防和干预计划。
