School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Heart. 2023 Apr 12;109(9):674-685. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321347.
The changes which typically occur in molecular causal risk factors and predictive biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases across early life are not well characterised.
We quantified sex-specific trajectories of 148 metabolic trait concentrations including various lipoprotein subclasses from age 7 years to 25 years. Data were from 7065 to 7626 offspring (11 702 to14 797 repeated measures) of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort study. Outcomes were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7, 15, 18 and 25 years. Sex-specific trajectories of each trait were modelled using linear spline multilevel models.
Females had higher very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentrations at 7 years. VLDL particle concentrations decreased from 7 years to 25 years with larger decreases in females, leading to lower VLDL particle concentrations at 25 years in females. For example, females had a 0.25 SD (95% CI 0.20 to 0.31) higher small VLDL particle concentration at 7 years; mean levels decreased by 0.06 SDs (95% CI -0.01 to 0.13) in males and 0.85 SDs (95% CI 0.79 to 0.90) in females from 7 years to 25 years, leading to 0.42 SDs (95% CI 0.35 to 0.48) lower small VLDL particle concentrations in females at 25 years. Females had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentrations at 7 years. HDL particle concentrations increased from 7 years to 25 years with larger increases among females leading to higher HDL particle concentrations in females at 25 years.
Childhood and adolescence are important periods for the emergence of sex differences in atherogenic lipids and predictive biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease, mostly to the detriment of males.
代谢性心血管疾病的分子因果风险因素和预测生物标志物在整个生命早期的变化尚不清楚。
我们从年龄 7 岁到 25 岁的 148 种代谢特征浓度中量化了性别特异性轨迹，包括各种脂蛋白亚类。数据来自阿冯纵向研究父母和孩子出生队列研究的 7065 至 7626 名后代（11702 至 14797 次重复测量）。使用核磁共振光谱法在 7、15、18 和 25 岁时对结果进行量化。使用线性样条多层模型对每个特征的性别特异性轨迹进行建模。
女性在 7 岁时具有更高的极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）颗粒浓度。VLDL 颗粒浓度从 7 岁到 25 岁下降，女性下降幅度更大，导致女性 25 岁时 VLDL 颗粒浓度较低。例如，女性在 7 岁时具有 0.25 个标准差（95%置信区间 0.20 至 0.31）的小 VLDL 颗粒浓度更高；男性的平均水平从 7 岁到 25 岁下降了 0.06 个标准差（95%置信区间 -0.01 至 0.13），女性下降了 0.85 个标准差（95%置信区间 0.79 至 0.90），导致女性 25 岁时小 VLDL 颗粒浓度低 0.42 个标准差（95%置信区间 0.35 至 0.48）。女性在 7 岁时具有较低的高密度脂蛋白（HDL）颗粒浓度。HDL 颗粒浓度从 7 岁到 25 岁增加，女性增加幅度更大，导致女性 25 岁时 HDL 颗粒浓度更高。
儿童和青少年时期是形成心血管代谢疾病致动脉粥样硬化脂质和预测生物标志物性别差异的重要时期，主要对男性不利。
