Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East of Outer Ring Road #280, Guangdong 510006, China.
National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road (#)501, Shanghai 201203, China.
Food Res Int. 2023 Apr;166:112590. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112590. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
Phenolic compounds are widely distributed in plant flowers. The present study systematically analyzed 18 phenolic compounds, represented by 4 monocaffeoylquinic acids, 4 dicaffeoylquinic acids, 5 flavones and 5 other phenolic acids, in 73 species (462 batches of samples) of edible flowers by a new established and validated HPLC-UV (high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet) (327/217 nm) method. Among all the species analyzed, 59 species were demonstrated to contain at least one or more quantifiable phenolic compounds, especially in families of Composite, Rosaceae and Caprifoliaceae. 3-Caffeoylquinic acid was found to be the most ubiquitous phenolic compound (in 193 batches of 73 species with the content between 0.061 and 65.10 mg/g), followed by rutin and isoquercitrin. While sinapic acid, 1-Caffeoylquinic acid and 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (only in 5 batches of 1 specie with the content between 0.069 and 0.12 mg/g) were the least ones both in ubiquity and concentration. Additionally, the distribution and abundances of phenolic compounds were compared between these flowers, which would be valuable for auxiliary authentication or other usages. This research covered almost all edible and medicinal flowers in the Chinese market with 18 phenolic compounds therein quantified, which delivered a bird view of phenolic compounds in a broad perspective of edible flowers.
酚类化合物广泛存在于植物花卉中。本研究通过新建立和验证的 HPLC-UV（高效液相色谱紫外）（327/217nm）方法，系统分析了 73 种食用花卉（462 批样品）中的 18 种酚类化合物，以 4 种单咖啡酰奎宁酸、4 种二咖啡酰奎宁酸、5 种黄酮类和 5 种其他酚酸为代表。在所分析的所有物种中，有 59 种被证明至少含有一种或多种可量化的酚类化合物，尤其是在菊科、蔷薇科和忍冬科。3-咖啡酰奎宁酸被发现是最普遍存在的酚类化合物（在 73 种物种的 193 批样品中，含量在 0.061 至 65.10mg/g 之间），其次是芦丁和异槲皮苷。而芥子酸、1-咖啡酰奎宁酸和 1,3-二咖啡酰奎宁酸（仅在 5 种物种的 5 批样品中，含量在 0.069 至 0.12mg/g 之间）在丰度和浓度上都是最少的。此外，还比较了这些花卉中酚类化合物的分布和丰度，这对于辅助鉴定或其他用途是有价值的。本研究涵盖了中国市场上几乎所有可食用和药用花卉中的 18 种酚类化合物，从广泛的食用花卉角度提供了酚类化合物的全貌。
