Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Food Prot. 2023 Jan;86(1):100001. doi: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.10.001. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
Acrylamide as a probable human carcinogen can be produced via the Maillard reaction between asparagine and reducing sugars at high temperatures during food processing. In this study, the concentration of acrylamide in industrial and traditional popcorn sold in Tehran, Iran in the spring of 2021 was analyzed. Industrial popcorn is popcorn that has a manufacturing license from the health authorities. Traditional popcorn is sold by retailers in entertainment centers. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and margin of exposure (MOE) for neurological changes and neoplastic effects have been estimated. The values of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined as 3.1 and 10.2 ng/mL, respectively. The amount of acrylamide was measured ranging from nondetectable up to 14.8 mg/kg. Acrylamide was detected in 86% of samples. The level of acrylamide in most popcorn samples has been detected as greater than LOD and LOQ. The average content of acrylamide in traditional popcorn was determined to be 7.7 mg/kg which was higher than the average value of 3.08 mg/kg found in industrial popcorn. Significant difference was observed between industrial and traditional popcorn samples. The average intake of popcorn for adolescent population was estimated as 2 g per day. EDI was calculated as 0.3 and 0.12 µg/kg of body weight per day for the traditional and industrial popcorn. These results indicated that popcorn can be considered a potential source of acrylamide exposure in the adolescent population. Furthermore, if the actual MOEs for neurological and neoplastic effects are estimated to be less than 10 000, it is considered a health risk. In this study, MOE has been estimated lower than 10 000 for neurological changes and neoplastic effects.
丙烯酰胺作为一种可能的人类致癌物质，可在食品加工过程中通过天门冬酰胺和还原糖之间的美拉德反应，于高温下生成。本研究分析了 2021 年春季伊朗德黑兰市销售的工业爆米花和传统爆米花中的丙烯酰胺浓度。工业爆米花是指已获得卫生当局生产许可证的爆米花。传统爆米花则由娱乐中心的零售商销售。估计了丙烯酰胺对神经变化和肿瘤形成的每日摄入量（EDI）和接触量（MOE）。检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别确定为 3.1 和 10.2 ng/mL。丙烯酰胺的含量从无法检测到 14.8 mg/kg 不等。86%的样品中检测到丙烯酰胺。大多数爆米花样品中的丙烯酰胺含量均高于 LOD 和 LOQ。传统爆米花中的丙烯酰胺平均含量为 7.7 mg/kg，高于工业爆米花中 3.08 mg/kg 的平均含量。工业爆米花和传统爆米花之间存在显著差异。青少年群体平均每天摄入的爆米花估计为 2 克。传统爆米花和工业爆米花的 EDI 分别为 0.3 和 0.12 µg/kg 体重/天。这些结果表明，爆米花可能成为青少年群体丙烯酰胺暴露的潜在来源。此外，如果实际的神经毒性和致癌作用的 MOE 估计小于 10 000，则被认为存在健康风险。在本研究中，MOE 估计神经毒性和致癌作用均小于 10 000。
