Abedini Amirhossein, Salimi Mahla, Mazaheri Yeganeh, Sadighara Parisa, Alizadeh Sani Mahmood, Assadpour Elham, Jafari Seid Mahdi
Students Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Food Chem X. 2023 Aug 6;19:100825. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100825. eCollection 2023 Oct 30.
Dairy products are widely consumed in the world due to their nutritional and functional characteristics. This group of food products are consumed by all age groups due to their health-giving properties. One of these products is cheese which has a high price compared to other dairy products. Because of this, it can be prone to fraud all over the world. Fraud in food products threatens the world's food safety and can cause serious damage to human health. There are many concerns among food authorities in the world about the fraud of food products. FDA, WHO, and the European Commission provide different legislations and definitions for fraud. The purpose of this review is to identify the most susceptible cheese type for fraud and effective methods for evaluating fraud in all types of cheeses. For this, we examined the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Mozzarella cheese had the largest share among all cheeses in terms of adulteration due to its many uses. Also, the methods used to evaluate different types of cheese frauds were PCR, Spectrometry, stable isotope, image analysis, electrophoretic, ELISA, sensors, sensory analysis, near-infrared and NMR. The methods that were most used in detecting fraud were PCR and spectrometry methods. Also, the least used method was sensory evaluation.
由于其营养和功能特性，乳制品在世界范围内被广泛消费。由于其有益健康的特性，这类食品被所有年龄段的人食用。其中一种产品是奶酪，与其他乳制品相比价格较高。因此，它在全球范围内容易出现欺诈行为。食品欺诈行为威胁着全球食品安全，并可能对人类健康造成严重损害。世界各国食品监管部门对食品欺诈行为存在诸多担忧。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）、世界卫生组织（WHO）和欧盟委员会针对欺诈行为提供了不同的法规和定义。本综述的目的是确定最容易出现欺诈行为的奶酪类型以及评估各类奶酪欺诈行为的有效方法。为此，我们查阅了科学网（Web of Science）、Scopus、PubMed和ScienceDirect数据库。马苏里拉奶酪因其用途广泛，在所有奶酪的掺假情况中占比最大。此外，用于评估不同类型奶酪欺诈行为的方法有聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、光谱分析、稳定同位素分析、图像分析、电泳分析、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、传感器、感官分析、近红外分析和核磁共振（NMR）。检测欺诈行为最常用的方法是PCR和光谱分析方法。此外，使用最少的方法是感官评估。
