Quintessence Int. 2023 Jun 26;54(6):516-523. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b3957701.
In early life, children are exposed to microorganisms from maternal and environmental sources, which influence the development of their microbiome throughout life. Several studies have demonstrated the influence of the delivery mode and breastfeeding on the oral microbiome of children, mostly regarding bacterial colonization. However, their influence on the oral fungal carriage is still underexplored. This study aimed to assess the association of the delivery and feeding mode with the oral carriage of yeasts in adulthood.
Fungal oral carriage was evaluated by collecting unstimulated saliva in 185 healthy dental students (mean age of 21.51 ± 1.55 years old; 81.6% women). Yeast identification was performed by culture in ChromAgar Candida medium and sequencing of the 18S genes and ITS regions for determination of the species. Demographic and clinical data of each participant were recorded through questionnaires, and oral examinations were performed in a subgroup of participants (n = 49).
Candida species were isolated in 37.5% of all participants. The prevalence of yeasts in the oral cavity was significantly higher in those who were born by vaginal delivery compared to those born by caesarean section (P = .035), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed regarding breastfeeding (P = .398). Low salivary flow rate and frequency of dental visits also were associated with oral yeast carriage (P < .05).
The results suggest a possible impact of the type of delivery on fungal colonization, which is sustained throughout life due to oral health-related factors.
在生命早期，儿童会从母体和环境来源中接触到微生物，这些微生物会影响其整个生命周期的微生物组发育。有几项研究表明，分娩方式和母乳喂养会影响儿童的口腔微生物组，主要涉及细菌定植。然而，它们对口腔真菌定植的影响仍未得到充分探索。本研究旨在评估分娩和喂养方式与成人口腔酵母携带的相关性。
通过收集 185 名健康牙科学生（平均年龄 21.51 ± 1.55 岁；81.6%为女性）的未刺激唾液，评估口腔酵母携带情况。通过在 ChromAgar Candida 培养基中培养和对 18S 基因和 ITS 区进行测序来鉴定真菌，以确定物种。通过问卷记录每位参与者的人口统计学和临床数据，并对其中一部分参与者（n = 49）进行口腔检查。
所有参与者中有 37.5%分离出了念珠菌属。与剖宫产相比，阴道分娩的参与者口腔中酵母的患病率明显更高（P =.035），而母乳喂养的情况则没有统计学差异（P =.398）。低唾液流量和口腔检查频率也与口腔酵母携带有关（P <.05）。
结果表明，分娩方式可能会对真菌定植产生影响，这种影响会持续到成年期，这与口腔健康相关因素有关。
