Modulating tumor-stromal crosstalk via a redox-responsive nanomedicine for combination tumor therapy.

Interaction between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells leads to the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. Herein, we prepared a redox-responsive chondroitin sulfate (CS)-based nanomedicine, in which hydrophobic cabazitaxel (CTX) was conjugated to the backbone of CS via glutathione (GSH)-sensitive dithiomaleimide (DTM) to form an amphipathic CS-DTM-CTX (CDC) conjugate, and dasatinib (DAS) co-assembled with the CDC conjugate to obtain DAS@CDC. After CD44 receptor-mediated internalization by CAFs, the nanomedicine could reverse CAFs to normal fibroblasts, blocking their crosstalk with tumor cells and reducing synthesis of major tumor extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen and fibronectin. Meanwhile, the nanomedicine internalized by tumor cells could effectively inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis, leading to shrinkage of the tumor volume and inhibition of lung metastasis in a subcutaneous 4T1 tumor model with low side effects. Collectively, the nanomedicine showed a remarkably synergistic therapy effect against breast cancer by modulating tumor-stromal crosstalk.