National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China.
School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, P. R. China.
Chemistry. 2023 Jun 2;29(31):e202203661. doi: 10.1002/chem.202203661. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
1,2,4-Triazolium salts are precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), which have been extensively used as effective catalysts and ligands for both asymmetric and non-enantioselective reactions. Nevertheless, they are also a kind of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) that possess amphipathic properties. The unique chemical and physical properties of 1,2,4-triazolium salts have received significant attention from scientists focusing on the development of novel bioactive molecules as pesticides and medicines. It is timely and meaningful to summarize the bioactivities of 1,2,4-triazolium salt derivatives against various bacteria, fungi, cancer cells, and other pathogens in the past 30 years. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 1,2,4-triazolium salts was also summarized. Finally, our perspective on the future development and applications of triazolium salts as agrichemicals or human drugs is presented.
1,2,4-三唑盐是 N-杂环卡宾（NHCs）的前体，已被广泛用作不对称和非对映选择性反应的有效催化剂和配体。然而，它们也是一种季铵化合物（QACs），具有两亲性。1,2,4-三唑盐的独特化学和物理性质引起了科学家们的极大关注，他们专注于开发新型生物活性分子作为农药和药物。及时而有意义的是，总结过去 30 年来 1,2,4-三唑盐衍生物对各种细菌、真菌、癌细胞和其他病原体的生物活性。同时，还总结了 1,2,4-三唑盐的构效关系（SAR）。最后，我们对三唑盐作为农用化学品或人类药物的未来发展和应用提出了看法。
