Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2023 Jan-Mar;20(1-3):5-18. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2191845. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
The COVID-19 outbreak has put enormous pressure on the scientific community to detect infection rapidly, identify the status of disease severity, and provide an immediate vaccine/drug for the treatment. Relying on immunoassay and a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) led to many false-negative and false-positive reports. Therefore, detecting biomarkers is an alternative and reliable approach for determining the infection, its severity, and disease progression. Recent advances in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enable the protein biomarkers even at low concentrations, thus facilitating clinicians to monitor the treatment in hospitals.
This review highlights the role of LC-MS/MS in identifying protein biomarkers and discusses the clinically significant protein biomarkers such as Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, ferritin, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, gelsolin and galectin-3-binding protein in COVID-19, and their analysis by LC-MS/MS in the early stage.
Clinical doctors monitor significant biomarkers to understand, stratify, and treat patients according to disease severity. Knowledge of clinically significant COVID-19 protein biomarkers is critical not only for COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus but also to prepare us for future pandemics of other diseases in detecting by LC-MS/MS at the early stages.
COVID-19 疫情的爆发给科学界带来了巨大的压力，需要快速检测感染、确定疾病严重程度，并提供治疗用的疫苗/药物。免疫测定和实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）的依赖导致了许多假阴性和假阳性报告。因此，检测生物标志物是确定感染、严重程度和疾病进展的替代和可靠方法。近年来，液相色谱和质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）的进步使得即使在低浓度下也能够检测到蛋白质生物标志物，从而方便临床医生在医院中监测治疗。
本文重点介绍了 LC-MS/MS 在鉴定蛋白质生物标志物中的作用，并讨论了 COVID-19 中具有临床意义的蛋白质生物标志物，如血清淀粉样蛋白 A、白细胞介素-6、C 反应蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、D-二聚体、肌钙蛋白、铁蛋白、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、胶凝蛋白和半乳糖凝集素-3 结合蛋白，以及通过 LC-MS/MS 在早期对它们的分析。
临床医生监测有意义的生物标志物，根据疾病严重程度来了解、分层和治疗患者。了解 COVID-19 有临床意义的蛋白质生物标志物不仅对由冠状病毒引起的 COVID-19 至关重要，而且对于我们通过 LC-MS/MS 在早期检测其他疾病的未来大流行也很重要。
