An optimal internal model proportional integral controller to improve pressure tracking profile of artificial ventilator.

Mechanical ventilator (MV) is a breathing support medical equipment used during medical surgery or in an intensive care unit (ICU) for critical patients to reduce the breathing work of the patient under ventilation. In this work, a piston-driven mechanical ventilator is studied. Such types of ventilators are generally used as anaesthesia ventilators with volume-controlled modes. A modern ventilator can operate in different modes, such as volume control, pressure control, or both. Pressure-controlled mode may be better suited for some cases, such as patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, as compared to volume-controlled mode because it may increase compliance during pneumoperitoneum, enhance oxygenation, and lower the stress response postoperatively. The pressure profile of a PCV must exactly track the pressure profile of a patient under ventilation to avoid ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Therefore, an optimal internal model control base proportional integral (IMC-PI) controller is proposed. The optimum parameter of the filter component of the IMC-PI controller is found by an enhanced class topper optimization (ECTO) algorithm. The performance of the proposed controller is analyzed in different scenarios and compared with existing results. Graphical Abstract Optimal internal model proportional integral controller for human respiratory ventilator.