Innes John G, Norbury Grant, Samaniego Araceli, Walker Susan, Wilson Deborah J
Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Alexandra, New Zealand.
Integr Zool. 2024 Jan;19(1):8-26. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12719. Epub 2023 Apr 12.
Aotearoa-New Zealand has only four rodent species, all introduced. In order of arrival, they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans, brown rat R. norvegicus, house mouse Mus musculus, and black rat R. rattus. Rodent management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases, as is usual elsewhere. We describe four major "regimes" and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration objectives. Current challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by people. Aerial 1080 is the only large-scale (tens of thousands of hectares) option for black rat control, but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat repopulation. Unfenced "ecosanctuaries" (mean 720 ha) use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant reinvasion. Ecosanctuaries with mammal-resistant fences (up to 3500 ha) limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main islands. Predator Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species (but not mice) plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by 2050. This vision is not attainable with current tools, but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and technologies. The large scale (to 100 000 ha) at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.
新西兰只有四种啮齿动物，都是外来引入的。按照到达的先后顺序，它们分别是太平洋鼠（黑家鼠）、褐家鼠、小家鼠和黑鼠。与其他地方通常的情况不同，新西兰的啮齿动物管理主要旨在保护本土生物多样性，而非保护农作物或控制疾病。我们描述了新西兰啮齿动物控制的四种主要“模式”和一个主要愿景，以实现生态恢复目标。目前岛屿根除工作面临的挑战在于偏远或有人居住的大岛屿。空中投放1080是控制黑鼠的唯一大规模（数万公顷）选择，但其应用需要进行调整，以应对随后黑鼠迅速重新繁殖的情况。没有围栏的“生态保护区”（平均面积720公顷）使用地面陷阱和毒药，主要针对黑鼠，但面临持续的重新入侵。设有防哺乳动物围栏的生态保护区（面积达3500公顷）限制了重新入侵，并针对更多有害物种，使得一些先前灭绝的分类群得以重返主岛。“2050年无捕食者”目标是到2050年从新西兰根除鼠类物种（但不包括小鼠）以及一些其他外来引入的哺乳动物。以目前的工具无法实现这一愿景，但研究和实验性管理正在探索相关技术和工艺。目前针对黑鼠进行控制使其数量降至极低水平的大规模（达10万公顷）行动在新西兰似乎是独一无二的。
