母亲 COVID-19 感染及其相关因素：一项横断面研究。
Maternal COVID-19 infection and associated factors: A cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 15;18(3):e0281435. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281435. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Since the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, several studies have been conducted to examine associated factors. However, few studies have focused on pregnant women infected with COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with COVID-19 infection among pregnant women at the Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital and Women and Newborn Hospital of the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2021. Women were recruited as they presented for antenatal care. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire to capture variables of interest (socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric). COVID-19 diagnosis was made using a nasopharyngeal swab by PCR test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for confounding and calculate the odds ratios for each explanatory variable and respective 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
The study enrolled 352 participants with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 30.1 years (5.6). One hundred thirty of 352 (36.9%; 95% CI: 31.9 to 42.2) participants had a confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. At univariable analysis, factors associated with COVID-19 were increased gestational age, education status and maternal HIV serostatus. Women with a secondary level of education were less likely to have COVID-19 infection than those with a primary level of education (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.63). On the other hand, a one-week increase in gestational age was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06).
CONCLUSION
The results showed that the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women was 36.9% and was associated with increased gestational age and a lower level of education. To mitigate adverse maternal outcomes, there is a need to screen for COVID-19 strictly and broadly monitor prenatal women presenting for healthcare.
背景
自宣布 COVID-19 为全球大流行以来，已经进行了多项研究来检查相关因素。然而，很少有研究关注撒哈拉以南非洲地区感染 COVID-19 的孕妇。因此，本研究调查了赞比亚卢萨卡大学教学医院莱维·姆瓦纳瓦萨大学教学医院和妇女与新生儿医院的孕妇中 COVID-19 感染的流行率和相关因素。
方法
这是一项在 2021 年 3 月至 7 月间进行的横断面研究。在孕妇接受产前保健时招募了她们。使用结构化问卷收集感兴趣的变量（社会人口统计学、临床和产科）的数据。通过聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 试验使用鼻咽拭子进行 COVID-19 诊断。多变量逻辑回归用于控制混杂因素，并计算每个解释变量及其相应 95%置信区间的优势比。
结果
这项研究共纳入了 352 名参与者，平均（标准差 [SD]）年龄为 30.1 岁（5.6）。在 352 名参与者中，有 130 名（36.9%；95%CI：31.9 至 42.2）被确认为 SARS-CoV-2 检测阳性。在单变量分析中，与 COVID-19 相关的因素是增加的孕龄、教育程度和母婴 HIV 血清阳性。与接受小学教育的女性相比，接受中等教育的女性感染 COVID-19 的可能性较小（优势比 [AOR] = 0.23，95%CI：0.09-0.63）。另一方面，孕龄增加一周与 COVID-19 感染的可能性增加相关（AOR = 1.03，95%CI：1.01-1.06）。
结论
结果表明，孕妇 COVID-19 感染的流行率为 36.9%，与孕龄增加和教育程度较低有关。为了减轻不良母婴结局，需要严格筛查 COVID-19 并广泛监测接受医疗保健的产前妇女。
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