Jurgilevich Alexandra, Käyhkö Janina, Räsänen Aleksi, Pörsti Saara, Lagström Hanna, Käyhkö Jukka, Juhola Sirkku
University of Helsinki, Environment and Ecosystems Research Programme, Finland.
University of Helsinki, Environment and Ecosystems Research Programme, Finland.
Environ Int. 2023 Mar;173:107837. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107837. Epub 2023 Feb 18.
Climate change will have adverse impacts on human health, which are amplified in cities. For these impacts, there are direct, indirect, and deferred pathways. The first category is well-studied, while indirect and deferred impacts are not well-understood. Moreover, the factors moderating the impacts have received little attention, although understanding these factors is critical for adaptation. We developed a conceptual framework that shows the pathways of climate impacts on human health, focusing specifically on the factors of urban environment moderating the emergence and severity of these health impacts. Based on the framework and literature review, we illustrate the mechanisms of direct, indirect, and deferred health impact occurrence and the factors that exacerbate or alleviate the severity of these impacts, thus presenting valuable insights for anticipatory adaptation. We conclude that an integrated systemic approach to preventing health risks from climate change can provide co-benefits for adaptation and address multiple health risks. Such an approach should be mainstreamed horizontally to all sectors of urban planning and should account for the spatiotemporal aspects of policy and planning decisions and city complexity.
气候变化将对人类健康产生不利影响，这种影响在城市中会被放大。对于这些影响，存在直接、间接和延迟三种途径。第一类影响已得到充分研究，而间接和延迟影响则尚未得到很好的理解。此外，尽管了解这些因素对于适应至关重要，但调节这些影响的因素却很少受到关注。我们构建了一个概念框架，展示了气候对人类健康的影响途径，特别关注调节这些健康影响发生和严重程度的城市环境因素。基于该框架和文献综述，我们阐述了直接、间接和延迟健康影响发生的机制以及加剧或减轻这些影响严重程度的因素，从而为预期适应提供有价值的见解。我们得出结论，采用综合系统方法预防气候变化带来的健康风险可以为适应带来协同效益，并应对多种健康风险。这种方法应横向纳入城市规划的所有部门的主流，并应考虑政策和规划决策的时空因素以及城市复杂性。
