Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 May;148:105127. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105127. Epub 2023 Mar 13.
The notion that addiction is a "brain disorder" is widespread. However, there is a lack of evidence on the degree of disorder in terms of error processing in addiction. The present meta-analysis aimed at shedding light on this by comparing error-processes with populations with well-recognized brain disorders. We included 17 addiction and 32 neurological disorder studies that compared error-related negativity (ERN) or error positivity (Pe) amplitudes/latencies between experimental and healthy-control groups. Meta-regression analyses were performed for the intergroup comparison and other moderators. Both diagnoses were accompanied by a diminished ERN amplitude, although the degree of impairment was marginally larger in neurological disorders. Neurological disorders presented shorter ERN latencies than addiction when compared with controls. The two groups did not differ in Pe amplitude/latency. Except for a reduced ERN amplitude found along with aging, no other moderator contributed significantly to divergent findings about these four ERP indexes. The results support the brain disease model of addiction, while stressing the importance of quantifying the degrees of brain dysfunctions as a next step.
成瘾是一种“大脑障碍”的观点已经广为流传。然而，在成瘾的错误处理方面，其紊乱程度的证据还很缺乏。本研究旨在通过与公认的大脑障碍人群进行比较，来阐明这一点。我们纳入了 17 项成瘾研究和 32 项神经障碍研究，比较了实验组和健康对照组之间错误相关负波（ERN）或错误正波（Pe）的幅度/潜伏期。对组间比较和其他调节因素进行了元回归分析。两种诊断都伴随着 ERN 幅度的降低，尽管神经障碍的损害程度略大。与对照组相比，神经障碍的 ERN 潜伏期更短。两组在 Pe 幅度/潜伏期上没有差异。除了发现与年龄相关的 ERN 幅度降低外，没有其他调节因素对这四个 ERP 指标的不同发现有显著贡献。结果支持成瘾的大脑疾病模型，同时强调了量化大脑功能障碍程度的重要性。
