Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, China.
Shanghai Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Feeds Control, Shanghai 201103, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 10;876:162807. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162807. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
In Shanghai, the prevalence of tet(X4) and tet(X4)-carrying plasmid from food-producing -animal Enterobacteriales has not been intensively investigated. Here, five tet(X4)-positive swine-origin E. coli strains were characterized among 652 food-producing-animal E. coli isolates in Shanghai during 2018-2021 using long-term surveillance among poultry, swine and cattle, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and tet(X4)-specific PCR. A combination of short- and long-read sequencing technologies demonstrated that the five strains with 4 STs carried a nearly identical 193 kb tet(X4)-bearing plasmid (p193k-tetX4) belonging to the same IncFIA(HI1)/IncHI1A/IncHIB plasmid family (p193k). Surprisingly, 34 of the 151 global tet(X4)-positive plasmids was the p193k members and exclusively pandemic in China. Other p193k members harboring many critically important ARGs (mcr or bla) with particular genetic environment are widespread throughout human-animal-environmental sources, with 33.77 % human origin. Significantly, phylogenetic analysis of 203 p193k-tetX4 sequences revealed that human- and animal-origin plasmids clustered within the same phylogenetic subgroups. The largest lineage (173/203) comprised 161 E. coli, 6 Klebsiella, 3 Enterobacter, 2 Citrobacter, and 1 Leclercia spp. from animals (n = 143), humans (n = 18), and the environment (n = 9). Intriguingly, the earliest 2015 E. coli strain YA_GR3 from Malaysian river water and 2016 S. enterica Chinese clinical strain GX1006 in another lineage demonstrated that p193k-tetX4 have been widely spread from S. enterica or E. coli to other Enterobacterales. Furthermore, 180 E. coli p193k-tetX4 strains were widespread cross-sectorial transmission among food animals, pets, migratory birds, human and ecosystems. Our findings proved the extensive transmission of the high-risk p193k harboring crucial ARGs across multiple interfaces and species. Therefore, one-health-based systemic surveillance of these similar high-risk plasmids across numerous sources and bacterial species is extremely essential.
在上海，尚未对食品生产动物肠杆菌目中携带 tet(X4)和 tet(X4)的质粒的流行情况进行深入调查。在这里，在 2018 年至 2021 年期间，通过对家禽、猪和牛进行长期监测、药敏试验和 tet(X4)特异性 PCR，从上海的 652 株食品生产动物肠杆菌中鉴定出 5 株 tet(X4)阳性猪源大肠杆菌菌株。使用短读和长读测序技术的组合表明，这 4 株具有 4 种 ST 的菌株携带了几乎相同的 193kb tet(X4)携带质粒（p193k-tetX4），属于同一 IncFIA(HI1)/IncHI1A/IncHIB 质粒家族（p193k）。令人惊讶的是，在 151 个全球 tet(X4)阳性质粒中，有 34 个是 p193k 成员，并且仅在中国流行。其他携带许多重要 ARGs（mcr 或 bla）的 p193k 成员具有特定的遗传环境，广泛分布于人类-动物-环境来源中，其中 33.77%来自人类。重要的是，对 203 个 p193k-tetX4 序列的系统发育分析表明，来自人类和动物的质粒在同一系统发育亚群中聚集。最大的谱系（173/203）由来自动物（n=143）、人类（n=18）和环境（n=9）的 161 株大肠杆菌、6 株克雷伯菌、3 株肠杆菌、2 株柠檬酸杆菌和 1 株勒克氏菌组成。有趣的是，最早的 2015 年来自马来西亚河流的大肠杆菌 YA_GR3 菌株和另一个谱系中的 2016 年肠炎沙门氏菌中国临床菌株 GX1006 表明，p193k-tetX4 已从肠炎沙门氏菌或大肠杆菌广泛传播到其他肠杆菌科。此外，180 株大肠杆菌 p193k-tetX4 菌株在食品动物、宠物、候鸟、人类和生态系统之间广泛传播。我们的研究结果证明了高风险的 p193k 携带关键 ARGs 在多个界面和物种中广泛传播。因此，基于同一健康的对这些类似的高风险质粒在多个来源和细菌物种中的系统监测是极其必要的。
