屏幕使用时间与户外活动时间对青少年心理健康和学业成绩的影响：来自中国农村的证据
The Association Between Screen Time and Outdoor Time on Adolescent Mental Health and Academic Performance: Evidence from Rural China.
作者信息
Wang Huan, Abbey Cody, Kennedy Thomas, Feng Erik, Li Robin, Liu Finley, Zhu Annli, Shen Sharon, Wadhavkar Prateek, Rozelle Scott, Singh Manpreet K
机构信息
Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
出版信息
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2023 Mar 9;16:369-381. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S384997. eCollection 2023.
PURPOSE
We examine how adolescent free time allocation-namely, screen time and outdoor time-is associated with mental health and academic performance in rural China.
METHODS
This paper used a large random sample of rural junior high school students in Ningxia (n = 20,375; =13.22), with data collected from self-reported demographic questionnaires (to assess free time allocation), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (to assess mental health), and a standardized math test (to measure academic performance). We utilized a multivariate OLS regression model to examine associations between free time allocation and adolescent outcomes, controlling for individual and family characteristics.
RESULTS
Our sample's screen time and outdoor time both averaged around 1 hour. About 10% of the sample adolescents reported behavioral difficulties, while a similar percentage (11%) reported abnormal prosocial behaviors. Adolescents with higher levels of screen time (>2 hours) were 3 percentage points more likely to have higher levels of behavioral difficulties (p<0.001), indicating that excessive screen time was associated with worse mental health. Meanwhile, outdoor time was associated with better mental health, and positive correlations were observed at all levels of outdoor time (compared to no outdoor time, decreasing the likelihood of higher levels of behavioral difficulties by between 3 and 4 percentage points and of lower prosocial scores by between 6 and 8 percentage points; all p's<0.001). For academic performance, average daily screen times of up to 1 hour and 1-2 hours were both positively associated with standardized math scores (0.08 SD, p<0.001; 0.07 SD, p<0.01, respectively), whereas there were no significant associations between outdoor time and academic performance.
CONCLUSION
Using a large sample size, this study was the first to examine the association between adolescent free time allocation with mental health and academic performance, providing initial insights into how rural Chinese adolescents can optimize their free time.
目的
我们研究了中国农村青少年的自由时间分配，即屏幕时间和户外时间，与心理健康及学业成绩之间的关联。
方法
本文采用了宁夏农村初中学生的大型随机样本（n = 20375；平均年龄 = 13.22岁），数据收集自自我报告的人口统计学问卷（以评估自由时间分配）、优势与困难问卷（以评估心理健康）以及标准化数学测试（以衡量学业成绩）。我们使用多元OLS回归模型来研究自由时间分配与青少年结果之间的关联，并控制个体和家庭特征。
结果
我们样本的屏幕时间和户外时间平均都约为1小时。约10%的样本青少年报告有行为困难，而有类似比例（11%）报告有异常亲社会行为。屏幕时间较长（>2小时）的青少年出现行为困难水平较高的可能性要高出3个百分点（p<0.001），这表明过多的屏幕时间与更差的心理健康状况相关。同时，户外时间与更好的心理健康状况相关，在所有户外时间水平上都观察到了正相关（与没有户外时间相比，行为困难水平较高的可能性降低3至4个百分点，亲社会得分较低的可能性降低6至8个百分点；所有p值<0.001）。对于学业成绩，每天平均屏幕时间长达1小时和1 - 2小时都与标准化数学成绩呈正相关（分别为0.08标准差，p<0.001；0.07标准差，p<0.01），而户外时间与学业成绩之间没有显著关联。
结论
本研究采用大样本量，首次考察了青少年自由时间分配与心理健康及学业成绩之间的关联，为中国农村青少年如何优化其自由时间提供了初步见解。
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