Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of New Radiopharmaceuticals, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, RJ, Brazil.
School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941900, RJ, Brazil.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2023;23(15):1414-1424. doi: 10.2174/1568026623666230315122855.
Ionizing radiation has been used for decades and expanded to several applications in multivariate sectors, becoming an important tool to promote controlled chemical reactions in polymeric structures, according to their chemical properties for developing new materials. In addition, the use of radiation can also be applied in order to reduce or eliminate compounds from solutions that may be harmful or of low interest. In this review, we overviewed the chemistry behind material irradiation and the attractive use of ionizing radiation in scientific and industrial development. In this regard, the review was divided into three main sections titled (1) chemical kinetics intermediated by radiation, (2) chemical bonds intermediated by radiation, and (3) radiation chemistry on polymers. We concluded that graft polymerization, crosslinking and chain scission reactions induced by ionizing radiation are very efficient and green strategies for developing new materials with improved properties. Furthermore, water radiolysis plays a key role in the degradation of several contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and microplastics, in aqueous solutions. However, more studies must be conducted to complement the existing theory about the proposed mechanisms responsible for modifying the chemical, mechanical, thermal, optical, and so forth properties of irradiated materials.
电离辐射已经使用了几十年，并扩展到多个多变量领域的应用，成为促进聚合结构中可控化学反应的重要工具，根据其化学性质开发新材料。此外，辐射的使用也可应用于减少或消除溶液中可能有害或低兴趣的化合物。在这篇综述中，我们概述了材料辐照背后的化学原理以及电离辐射在科学和工业发展中的有吸引力的应用。在这方面，综述分为三个主要部分，标题为（1）辐射中介的化学动力学，（2）辐射中介的化学键，和（3）聚合物的辐射化学。我们得出结论，离子辐射诱导的接枝聚合、交联和链断裂反应是开发具有改进性能的新材料的非常有效和绿色的策略。此外，水的辐射分解在水溶液中几种污染物（包括药物和微塑料）的降解中起着关键作用。然而，必须进行更多的研究来补充关于负责改变辐照材料的化学、机械、热、光学等性能的拟议机制的现有理论。
