Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Am J Bot. 2023 Jun;110(6):e16144. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.16144. Epub 2023 Mar 16.
The movement of pollen grains from anthers to stigmas, often by insect pollinator vectors, is essential for plant reproduction. However, pollen is also a unique vehicle for viral spread. Pollen-associated plant viruses reside on the outside or inside of pollen grains, infect susceptible individuals through vertical or horizontal infection pathways, and can decrease plant fitness. These viruses are transferred with pollen between plants by pollinator vectors as they forage for floral resources; thus, pollen-associated viral spread is mediated by floral and pollen grain phenotypes and pollinator traits, much like pollination. Most of what is currently known about pollen-associated viruses was discovered through infection and transmission experiments in controlled settings, usually involving one virus and one plant species of agricultural or horticultural interest. In this review, we first provide an updated, comprehensive list of the recognized pollen-associated viruses. Then, we summarize virus, plant, pollinator vector, and landscape traits that can affect pollen-associated virus transmission, infection, and distribution. Next, we highlight the consequences of plant-pollinator-virus interactions that emerge in complex communities of co-flowering plants and pollinator vectors, such as pollen-associated virus spread between plant species and viral jumps from plant to pollinator hosts. We conclude by emphasizing the need for collaborative research that bridges pollen biology, virology, and pollination biology.
花粉粒从花药到柱头的运动，通常由昆虫传粉媒介介导，是植物繁殖所必需的。然而，花粉也是病毒传播的独特载体。花粉携带的植物病毒存在于花粉粒的外部或内部，通过垂直或水平感染途径感染易感个体，并降低植物的适应性。这些病毒通过传粉媒介在植物之间随花粉传播，因为它们在寻找花的资源；因此，花粉携带病毒的传播与花和花粉粒的表型以及传粉媒介的特征有关，与传粉非常相似。目前对花粉携带病毒的了解大多是通过在受控环境中进行的感染和传播实验发现的，这些实验通常涉及一种病毒和一种具有农业或园艺重要性的植物物种。在这篇综述中，我们首先提供了一份经过更新的、全面的花粉携带病毒清单。然后，我们总结了可能影响花粉携带病毒传播、感染和分布的病毒、植物、传粉媒介和景观特征。接下来，我们强调了在共开花植物和传粉媒介的复杂群落中出现的植物-传粉者-病毒相互作用的后果，例如植物种间花粉携带病毒的传播和病毒从植物到传粉媒介宿主的跳跃。最后，我们强调需要开展合作研究，将花粉生物学、病毒学和传粉生物学联系起来。
