Terrisse Safae, Zitvogel Laurence, Kroemer Guido
Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.
Cell Stress. 2023 Mar 13;7(3):12-19. doi: 10.15698/cst2023.03.277. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Recent observations indicate that the pathogenesis and prognosis of hormone-receptor breast cancer is not only dictated by the properties of the malignant cells but also by immune and microbial parameters. Thus, the immunosurveillance system retards the development of hormone-positive breast cancer and contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of estrogen receptor antagonists and aromatase inhibitors. Moreover, the anticancer immune response is profoundly modulated by the local and intestinal microbiota, which influences cancer cell-intrinsic signaling pathways, affects the composition and function of the immune infiltrate present in the tumor microenvironment and modulates the metabolism of estrogens. Indeed, specific bacteria in the gut produce enzymes that affect the enterohepatic cycle of estrogen metabolites, convert estrogens into androgens or generate estrogen-like molecules. The knowledge of these circuitries is in its infancy, calling for further in-depth analyses.
最近的观察表明，激素受体乳腺癌的发病机制和预后不仅取决于恶性细胞的特性，还受免疫和微生物参数的影响。因此，免疫监视系统会延缓激素阳性乳腺癌的发展，并有助于雌激素受体拮抗剂和芳香化酶抑制剂的治疗效果。此外，抗癌免疫反应受到局部和肠道微生物群的深刻调节，这会影响癌细胞内在信号通路，影响肿瘤微环境中免疫浸润的组成和功能，并调节雌激素的代谢。事实上，肠道中的特定细菌会产生影响雌激素代谢物肠肝循环的酶，将雌激素转化为雄激素或生成类似雌激素的分子。这些通路的相关知识尚处于起步阶段，需要进一步深入分析。
