Psychological children's Ward, Mental Health Center of Huangshi, 435111, Hubei, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Medical School, Hubei Polytechnic University, Guilin north road, No 16, Xialu district, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 16;23(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04682-3.
More adolescents suffered from depressive disorder, and what was worse, the morbidity increased annually. The situation was getting worse during COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of depression among adolescents in China has increased a lot due to social and economic development, family-associated reasons, academic stress, interpersonal relationships, and so on.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence, gender differences, risk factors, and abnormal illness behaviors of depression among adolescents in Huangshi, China.
A descriptive analysis was conducted based on the data from clinical interviews and self-reports by the patients. Depression was assessed and diagnosed using the DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Depression was most frequently seen in 674 patients with mental illnesses (282, 41.84%). The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.44, and their age ranged from 9 to 18. The majority of patients are in high school (261/282, 92.55%), and the highest morbidity occurred at 16 years. More cases were diagnosed in urban than in rural areas. Genetic factors, school violence, academic stress, sleep disorders, and family-related factors were essential factors leading to depression among adolescents. Most patients had sleep disorders (84.75%). In family-related factors, left-behind children and unrecognized/misunderstood by their families were prominently diagnosed with depression. A large portion of individuals with depression felt apathetic, solitary, and sluggish and were unable to study, work, and live normally (212/282, 75.18%); they even committed suicide or attempted suicide (228/282, 80.85%) and inflicted self-harm (146/282, 51.77%).
An increasing trend of depression has been observed since 2018, especially in 2021. This depression has led to suicide or suicidal attempts and self-harm, reflecting the severity of mental health among adolescents in Huangshi. Therefore, this study aimed to draw the attention of society, families, and schools to the importance of mental health among adolescents, providing guidance and references for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of young depressive disorders in China.
越来越多的青少年患有抑郁症，更糟糕的是，发病率逐年上升。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，情况变得更糟。由于社会经济发展、家庭原因、学业压力、人际关系等因素，中国青少年的抑郁患病率大大增加。
本研究旨在确定中国黄石市青少年抑郁的患病率、性别差异、危险因素和异常疾病行为。
基于患者的临床访谈和自我报告数据进行描述性分析。使用 DSM-5 精神障碍诊断与统计手册评估和诊断抑郁。
在 674 名精神疾病患者中，抑郁最常见（282 例，41.84%）。男女比例为 1:2.44，年龄在 9 至 18 岁之间。大多数患者为高中生（261/282，92.55%），最高发病率为 16 岁。城市的病例诊断多于农村。遗传因素、校园暴力、学业压力、睡眠障碍和家庭相关因素是导致青少年抑郁的重要因素。大多数患者有睡眠障碍（84.75%）。在家庭相关因素中，留守儿童和被家人忽视或误解的孩子被诊断为抑郁的比例较高。很大一部分患有抑郁症的人感到冷漠、孤独和迟钝，无法正常学习、工作和生活（212/282，75.18%）；他们甚至自杀或企图自杀（228/282，80.85%）和自残（146/282，51.77%）。
自 2018 年以来，抑郁呈上升趋势，尤其是在 2021 年。这种抑郁导致自杀或自杀未遂和自残，反映了黄石市青少年心理健康的严重程度。因此，本研究旨在引起社会、家庭和学校对青少年心理健康的重视，为中国青少年抑郁的预防、诊断和治疗提供指导和参考。
