Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022 Jan;31(1):121-131. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01676-4. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
Sleep problems are prevalent among adolescents, especially among those diagnosed with mental health disorders. There is insufficient knowledge about sleep among adolescents within child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in comparison to the general population. The data are drawn from the youth@hordaland study, a large population-based study conducted in 2012, linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) (n = 9077). Psychiatric disorders were based on clinical diagnoses from the NPR, while insomnia, delayed sleep-wake-phase disorder (DSWPD), and other sleep problems/patterns were assessed by self-report questionnaires from youth@hordaland. The prevalence of diagnosed sleep disorders among adolescents seeking mental health services was 0.6%, yielding an estimated prevalence of 0.07% of the population. However, questionnaire-based measurement of insomnia from the youth@hordaland study indicated that insomnia was highly prevalent across disorders in comparison to a reference group of adolescents who were not within mental health care. Insomnia ranged from 29% among adolescents diagnosed with ADHD (PR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.41-2.29) to 48% among adolescents diagnosed with depression (PR = 2.53, 95% CI 2.19-2.92). All diagnostic groups had a mean sleep efficiency below (85%), indicating poor sleep quality. Insomnia, delayed sleep-phase wake disorder, and poor sleep efficiency were confirmed as transdiagnostic sleep problems across psychiatric disorders. In addition, some disorder-specific patterns emerged, such as a higher prevalence of insomnia among adolescents with depression, and DSWPS among adolescents with conduct disorder. This underscores the need for treating sleep problems in CAMHS, and transdiagnostic treatment approaches are warranted.
睡眠问题在青少年中很普遍，尤其是那些被诊断出患有心理健康障碍的青少年。与普通人群相比，儿童和青少年心理健康服务（CAMHS）中青少年的睡眠知识不足。这些数据来自于青年@霍达兰研究，这是一项 2012 年进行的大型基于人群的研究，与挪威患者登记处（NPR）相关联（n=9077）。精神障碍是根据 NPR 的临床诊断，而失眠、睡眠时相延迟障碍（DSWPD）和其他睡眠问题/模式则是通过青年@霍达兰研究的自我报告问卷评估的。在寻求心理健康服务的青少年中，确诊的睡眠障碍患病率为 0.6%，估计患病率为 0.07%。然而，青年@霍达兰研究的基于问卷的失眠测量表明，与不在心理健康护理中的青少年参考组相比，失眠在各种障碍中都很普遍。失眠在被诊断为 ADHD 的青少年中发生率为 29%（PR=1.79；95%CI 1.41-2.29），在被诊断为抑郁症的青少年中发生率为 48%（PR=2.53，95%CI 2.19-2.92）。所有诊断组的平均睡眠效率都低于 85%，表明睡眠质量较差。失眠、睡眠时相延迟障碍和睡眠效率低被确认为跨诊断的精神障碍睡眠问题。此外，还出现了一些特定于疾病的模式，例如，抑郁症青少年中失眠的患病率较高，而品行障碍青少年中 DSWPS 的患病率较高。这强调了在 CAMHS 中治疗睡眠问题的必要性，需要采用跨诊断治疗方法。
