School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, 101 Science Avenue, High-Tech Zone, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Mar 17;23(1):512. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15425-0.
The global population is ageing in a serious way and the number of disabled elderly people is increasing. Disability is a combination of physical and functional impairments, activity limitations, and social participation restrictions that significantly affect the quality of life of older adults. This study used the Roy adaptation model to examine the adaptive strategies of rural disabled elderly.
An interview outline was prepared based on the Roy Adaptation Model, in-depth interviews were conducted with eligible rural elderly with disabilities using purposive sampling. Interview data were analyzed using the colaizzi method to obtain relevant themes and sub-themes of the adaptation experience.
Fifteen eligible disabled elderly participated in the interview, with an average age of 73.7 years old, showing different adaptation experiences in different aspects, a total of 5 themes and 18 sub-themes were extracted: (a)physiological function adaptation: learning to monitor physiological indicators, active medical compliance behavior, active rehabilitation exercise, adjusting lifestyle and coping with failure, (b) self-concept adaptation: adjustment of gratitude mentality, self-consolation, transferring the attention, seeking emotional comfort, and negative emotional response, (c) role function adaptation: positive self-care role, negative family role and escape of social role, (d) interdependence adaptation: actively seeking support and complex social coping, and (e) adaptation influencing factors: personal factors, caregiver factors and the policy factors.
The disabled elderly show different adaptation strategies in four ways, and are affected by personal factors, caregiver factors and policy factors. A multi-faceted support system for the disabled elderly is recommended, and the caregivers should be trained in all-round care knowledge and skills.
全球人口老龄化严重，失能老年人数量不断增加。残疾是身体和功能损伤、活动受限和社会参与受限的组合，严重影响老年人的生活质量。本研究采用罗伊适应模式探讨农村失能老年人的适应策略。
根据罗伊适应模式编制访谈大纲，采用目的抽样对符合条件的农村失能老年人进行深入访谈。采用 Colaizzi 法对访谈资料进行分析，获取适应体验的相关主题和亚主题。
共纳入 15 名符合条件的失能老年人，平均年龄为 73.7 岁，在不同方面表现出不同的适应体验，共提取出 5 个主题和 18 个亚主题：（a）生理功能适应：学会监测生理指标、积极遵医行为、主动康复锻炼、调整生活方式和应对失败；（b）自我概念适应：调整感恩心态、自我安慰、转移注意力、寻求情感安慰和消极情绪反应；（c）角色功能适应：积极的自我照顾角色、消极的家庭角色和逃避社会角色；（d）相互依赖适应：积极寻求支持和复杂的社会应对；（e）适应影响因素：个人因素、照顾者因素和政策因素。
失能老年人在四个方面表现出不同的适应策略，受个人因素、照顾者因素和政策因素的影响。建议建立一个多层面的失能老年人支持系统，并对照顾者进行全面照顾知识和技能的培训。
