Grupo de Estudos para Multiplicação de Aves, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão 321, Travessa 14, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 16;13(1):4385. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31274-8.
We explore the potential factors that affect clutch initiation in four Neotropical large raptors (Harpy eagle-HE, Crested eagle-CE, Ornate hawk-eagle-OHE, and Black hawk-eagle-BHE) by analyzing 414 clutch events mostly obtained from captive individuals. Differences in how clutch initiation is associated with changes in photoperiod were found between HE and both hawk-eagles, and between CE and BHE. Changes in temperature at the time of clutch initiation only differed between HE and OHE, whereas changes in precipitation varied between BHE and all other species. Principal Component Analysis of these environmental cues showed that ellipses in the dataset of each species overlap, but only ellipses from CE and OHE had the same variation trends. This means that although these species live under similar ecological conditions, they exhibit three different patterns of response to environmental cues. Apparently, these patterns are not associated with phylogenetic relatedness because species belonging to the same clade do not show the same response pattern. Diet diversity analysis revealed that HE has the least varied diet, and CE and OHE the most varied diet. The fact that species who fit the same reproductive timing response to environmental cues show similar diets leads us to hypothesize that breeding in these eagles was most likely shaped by food availability.
我们通过分析主要来自于圈养个体的 414 次产卵事件，探索了影响四种新热带大型猛禽（哈佩雕、冕鹰雕、王鹫和黑冠鹃隼）产卵启动的潜在因素。哈佩雕和两种鹰雕之间、冕鹰雕和黑冠鹃隼之间，在与光周期变化相关的产卵启动方式上存在差异。产卵启动时温度的变化仅在哈佩雕和王鹫之间存在差异，而降水的变化在黑冠鹃隼和其他所有物种之间存在差异。对这些环境线索的主成分分析表明，每个物种数据集的椭圆重叠，但只有冕鹰雕和王鹫的椭圆具有相同的变化趋势。这意味着，尽管这些物种生活在相似的生态条件下，但它们对环境线索的反应呈现出三种不同的模式。显然，这些模式与系统发育关系无关，因为属于同一进化枝的物种并不表现出相同的反应模式。饮食多样性分析表明，哈佩雕的饮食最单一，而冕鹰雕和王鹫的饮食最丰富。适应相同繁殖时间对环境线索做出反应的物种具有相似的饮食，这使我们假设这些猛禽的繁殖可能是由食物可用性塑造的。
