Chandwani Sapna, Kayasth Rinkal, Naik Hetvi, Amaresan Natarajan
C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Mar 17;195(4):479. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11061-8.
Soil is an important residence under various biotic and abiotic conditions. Contamination of soil by various means has hazardous effects on both plants and humans. Soil contamination by heavy metals occurs due to various man-made activities, including improper industrial and agricultural practices. Among the heavy metals, after arsenic, lead (Pb) was found to be the second most toxic metal and potent pollutants that accumulate in sediments and soils. Pb is not considered an essential element for promoting plant growth but is readily absorbed and accumulated in different plant parts. Many parameters such as pH, root exudation, soil particle size, cation exchange capacity, and other physicochemical parameters are involved in Pb uptake in plants. Excess amounts of Pb pose a threat to plant growth and cause toxicity such as chlorosis, blackening of the root system, and stunted growth. Pb toxicity may inhibit photosynthesis, disturb water balance and mineral nutrition, and alter the hormonal status, structure, and membrane permeability of plants. Therefore, this review addresses the effects of Pb toxicity and its impact on plant growth, including the morphological, physiological, and biological effects of Pb toxicity, the mechanisms behind different strategies promoting plant growth, and in combating Pb-induced stress. The bioremediation strategy for Pb removal from Pb-contaminated soil also plays an important role in combating Pb toxicity using bacterial community. Pb-contaminated soil may be remediated using different technologies such as rhizofiltration and phytoremediation, which tend to have a great capacity to curb Pb-contamination within the soil.
土壤是各种生物和非生物条件下的重要栖息地。土壤受到各种方式的污染会对植物和人类都产生有害影响。土壤受到重金属污染是由各种人为活动造成的，包括不当的工农业生产方式。在重金属中，继砷之后，铅（Pb）被发现是第二大有毒金属和在沉积物和土壤中积累的强效污染物。铅不被认为是促进植物生长的必需元素，但很容易被植物不同部位吸收和积累。许多参数，如pH值、根系分泌物、土壤颗粒大小、阳离子交换容量和其他理化参数，都与植物对铅的吸收有关。过量的铅会对植物生长构成威胁，并导致中毒症状，如叶片黄化、根系变黑和生长发育迟缓。铅中毒可能会抑制光合作用、扰乱水分平衡和矿物质营养，并改变植物的激素状态、结构和膜通透性。因此，本综述探讨了铅中毒的影响及其对植物生长的影响，包括铅中毒的形态学、生理学和生物学效应、促进植物生长和对抗铅诱导胁迫的不同策略背后的机制。利用细菌群落从铅污染土壤中去除铅的生物修复策略在对抗铅中毒方面也发挥着重要作用。铅污染的土壤可以使用不同的技术进行修复，如根际过滤和植物修复，这些技术往往具有很大的能力来抑制土壤中的铅污染。
