Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-5060, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 17;13(1):4451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31192-9.
Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a biologically-based trait associated with greater reactivity to both positive and negative environments. Recent studies suggest that the activity following learning can support or hinder memory retention. Here, we employed a within-subject experiment to examine whether and how individual differences in SPS contribute to differences in memory retention. Sixty-four participants encoded and immediately recalled two word lists: one followed by 8-min of eyes-closed, wakeful resting; and the other by a distraction task. After 7 days, participants completed a surprise free recall test for both word lists. If participants wakefully rested after encoding, memory retention increased as a function of higher SPS. However, in the distraction condition, a negative curvilinear relationship indicated that memory retention was especially hindered for highly sensitive individuals. These results suggest that individual differences in SPS are an important factor to consider when examining the effects of environmental conditions on learning and memory.
感觉加工敏感性（SPS）是一种与对积极和消极环境的更大反应性相关的基于生物学的特征。最近的研究表明，学习后的活动可以支持或阻碍记忆保留。在这里，我们采用了一项被试内实验来检验 SPS 的个体差异是否以及如何导致记忆保留的差异。64 名参与者对两个单词列表进行编码并立即回忆：一个在闭眼、清醒休息 8 分钟后进行；另一个则进行干扰任务。7 天后，参与者对两个单词列表进行了惊喜自由回忆测试。如果参与者在编码后清醒地休息，那么记忆保留会随着 SPS 的增加而增加。然而，在干扰条件下，负曲线关系表明，记忆保留对高度敏感的个体特别不利。这些结果表明，SPS 的个体差异是在研究环境条件对学习和记忆的影响时需要考虑的一个重要因素。
