University of Oregon.
Psychol Bull. 2019 Jan;145(1):79-139. doi: 10.1037/bul0000176.
The literature on individual differences in long-term memory (LTM) is organized and reviewed. This includes an extensive review of the factor structure of LTM abilities as well as specific individual differences in criterial tasks such as free recall, paired associates recall, and recognition. It is demonstrated that individual differences in LTM abilities are represented by various lower order factors based on criterial tasks as well as by a more general higher-order LTM factor. These individual differences are linked with multiple different constructs including working memory, intelligence, and attention control. Individual differences in forgetting, interference control, false memory, testing effects, general retrieval abilities, and the influence of strategies are also examined. Overall, it is clear that there are substantial and robust individual differences in LTM abilities and that these abilities demonstrate important relations with other cognitive abilities. Future directions and an integration of individual differences in a general framework of memory are discussed, and it is suggested that combined experimental and correlational approaches are needed to better understand individual differences in LTM and that individual differences in LTM should be used to better test and revise theories of LTM processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
本文对长期记忆（LTM）个体差异的文献进行了整理和综述。这包括对 LTM 能力的因素结构进行了广泛的回顾，以及对自由回忆、配对联想回忆和识别等关键任务中的特定个体差异进行了具体的回顾。研究表明，LTM 能力的个体差异可以通过基于关键任务的各种较低阶因素以及更一般的高阶 LTM 因素来表示。这些个体差异与多种不同的结构有关，包括工作记忆、智力和注意力控制。还考察了遗忘、干扰控制、错误记忆、测试效应、一般检索能力以及策略的影响等个体差异。总的来说，很明显，LTM 能力存在着大量且稳健的个体差异，这些能力与其他认知能力有着重要的关系。本文讨论了未来的方向以及在记忆的一般框架内整合个体差异，并建议需要结合实验和相关方法来更好地理解 LTM 中的个体差异，并利用 LTM 的个体差异来更好地测试和修正 LTM 过程的理论。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2018 APA，保留所有权利）。
