Forkmann Thomas, Knorr Anna, Gerdes Christiane, Vüst Björn, Hamacher Dennis, Teismann Tobias
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
J Psychiatr Res. 2023 May;161:199-205. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.018. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
Rumination about suicide has recently been identified as a risk factor for suicidal behavior. According to the metacognitive model of emotional disorders, the activation and maintenance of rumination is dependent on specific metacognitive beliefs. On this background, the current study is concerned with the development of a questionnaire to assess suicide-specific positive and negative metacognitive beliefs.
Factor structure, reliability and validity of the Scales for Suicide-related Metacognitions (SSM) were investigated in two samples comprised of participants suffering from lifetime suicide ideation. Participants of sample 1 (N = 214; 81.8% female; M = 24.9, SD = 4.0) took part in a single assessment using an online survey. Participants of sample 2 (N = 56; 71.4% female; M = 33.2, SD = 12.2) took part in two online assessments within a two week time-period. To establish convergent validity questionnaire-based assessments of suicidal ideation, general and suicide specific rumination and depression were used. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether suicide-related metacognitions predict suicide-specific rumination cross-sectionally and prospectively.
Factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure of the SSM. Results indicated good psychometric properties, and provided evidence for construct validity and stability of the subscales. Positive metacognitions predicted concurrent and prospective suicide-specific rumination beyond the effect of suicide ideation and depression and rumination predicted concurrent and prospective negative metacognitions.
Taken together the results provide initial evidence that the SSM is a valid and reliable measure of suicide-related metacognitions. Furthermore, findings are in line with a metacognitive conceptualization of suicidal crises and provide first indications of factors that might be relevant for the activation and maintenance of suicide-specific rumination.
最近，对自杀的反复思考已被确定为自杀行为的一个风险因素。根据情绪障碍的元认知模型，反复思考的激活和维持依赖于特定的元认知信念。在此背景下，本研究关注用于评估与自杀相关的积极和消极元认知信念的问卷的开发。
在两个由有过自杀意念的参与者组成的样本中，对自杀相关元认知量表（SSM）的因子结构、信度和效度进行了调查。样本1的参与者（N = 214；81.8%为女性；M = 24.9，SD = 4.0）通过在线调查参与了单次评估。样本2的参与者（N = 56；71.4%为女性；M = 33.2，SD = 12.2）在两周的时间内参与了两次在线评估。为了建立聚合效度，使用了基于问卷的自杀意念、一般和与自杀相关的反复思考以及抑郁的评估。此外，还分析了与自杀相关的元认知是否能横断面和前瞻性地预测与自杀相关的反复思考。
因子分析揭示了SSM的两因子结构。结果表明其具有良好的心理测量特性，并为各分量表的结构效度和稳定性提供了证据。积极的元认知在自杀意念和抑郁的影响之外，预测了同时期和前瞻性的与自杀相关的反复思考，而反复思考则预测了同时期和前瞻性的消极元认知。
综合来看，这些结果提供了初步证据，表明SSM是一种有效且可靠的与自杀相关的元认知测量工具。此外，研究结果与自杀危机的元认知概念化一致，并首次表明了可能与激活和维持与自杀相关的反复思考相关的因素。
