Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Can J Ophthalmol. 2024 Apr;59(2):e135-e141. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.01.016. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
To evaluate the efficacy of a perceptual and adaptive learning module (PALM) for teaching the identification of 5 optic nerve findings.
Second- through fourth-year medical students were randomized to the PALM or a video didactic lecture. The PALM presented the learner with short classification tasks consisting of optic nerve images. Learner accuracy and response time guided the sequencing of successive tasks until mastery was achieved. The lecture was a narrated video designed to simulate a portion of a traditional medical school lecture. Accuracy and fluency on a pretest, post-test, and 1-month delayed test were compared within and between groups.
Eighty-three students participated. Accuracy and fluency improved significantly (p < 0.001) from pretest to post-test for both the PALM (accuracy, Cohen's d = 2.94; fluency, d = 3.39) and the lecture (accuracy, d = 2.32; fluency, d = 1.06). For the delayed test, PALM performance remained significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the pretest in both accuracy (d = 0.89) and fluency (d = 1.16), whereas lecture performance remained greater in accuracy only (d = 0.44; p = 0.02).
The PALM facilitated visual pattern recognition for optic nerve diseases among novice learners using a single brief self-guided session. The PALM may be applied alongside traditional didactic lectures to expedite visual pattern recognition in ophthalmology.
评估感知和自适应学习模块（PALM）在教授识别 5 种视神经病变中的效果。
将二至四年级医学生随机分配到 PALM 组或视频教学讲座组。PALM 向学习者呈现由视神经图像组成的简短分类任务。学习者的准确性和反应时间指导后续任务的顺序，直到达到掌握程度。讲座是一段旁白视频，旨在模拟传统医学院讲座的一部分。在组内和组间比较预测试、后测试和 1 个月延迟测试的准确性和流畅性。
83 名学生参与了研究。PALM 组（准确性，Cohen's d=2.94；流畅性，d=3.39）和讲座组（准确性，d=2.32；流畅性，d=1.06）的准确性和流畅性都从预测试显著提高到后测试（p<0.001）。对于延迟测试，PALM 的表现仍然显著优于预测试，无论是在准确性（d=0.89）还是流畅性（d=1.16）（p<0.001），而讲座的表现仅在准确性方面仍然更高（d=0.44；p=0.02）。
PALM 通过单次简短的自我指导课程，促进了初学者对视神经疾病的视觉模式识别。PALM 可与传统教学讲座一起应用，以加快眼科学中的视觉模式识别。
