Fraulini Nicholas W, Marraffino Matthew D, Garibaldi Allison E, Johnson Cheryl I, Whitmer Daphne E
StraCon Services Group, LLC, Fort Worth, Texas.
Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division, Orlando, Florida.
Mil Psychol. 2025;37(5):479-493. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2024.2377884. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
The United States military services are modernizing their training and education curricula by leveraging advances in technology to deliver instruction that is more engaging and responsive to trainees' needs and better prepares them for the future fight. Adaptive training (AT), or training tailored to the strengths and weaknesses of individual trainees, is a promising technique to meet these modernization goals. The research literature, however, is sporadic and does not clearly prescribe best practices for its employment. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of various AT instructional interventions (i.e. adapting difficulty, feedback, scaffolding, etc.) on learning outcomes. There were 30 peer-reviewed publications included in the analysis. We grouped studies by the adaptive intervention examined and reported the associated effects on learning outcomes. Overall, the results revealed that the effectiveness of AT varied considerably across the instructional interventions. Specifically, studies that implemented adaptive difficulty techniques were the most effective, followed by adaptive scaffolding and remediation/test-out techniques. Based on these findings, we identify design recommendations for future AT systems.
美国军队正在通过利用技术进步来实现其训练和教育课程的现代化，以提供更具吸引力且能更好地满足学员需求的教学，并使他们为未来的战斗做好更充分的准备。适应性训练（AT），即根据个体学员的优势和劣势量身定制的训练，是实现这些现代化目标的一项很有前景的技术。然而，研究文献较为零散，并未明确规定其应用的最佳实践方法。因此，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以检验各种适应性训练教学干预措施（即调整难度、反馈、支架搭建等）对学习成果的有效性。该分析纳入了30篇经过同行评审的出版物。我们根据所考察的适应性干预措施对研究进行分组，并报告其对学习成果的相关影响。总体而言，结果显示适应性训练的有效性在不同教学干预措施中差异很大。具体来说，实施适应性难度技术的研究最为有效，其次是适应性支架搭建和补救/免修技术。基于这些发现，我们为未来的适应性训练系统确定了设计建议。
