García-Dopico Nuria, De La Torre-Luque Alejandro, Wand Benedict Martin, Velasco-Roldán Olga, Sitges Carolina
University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS) and Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
Department and Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2023 Mar 2;14:1070411. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1070411. eCollection 2023.
In chronic low back pain (CLBP), disturbed body image has been highlighted as a contributor to the condition and a potential target for treatment. The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) allows its assessment. Following international guidelines for the cross-cultural translation of questionnaires, we aimed to translate the FreBAQ into Spanish (FreBAQ-S) and validate the new questionnaire in a sample of Spanish-speaking people with CLBP.
Two hundred and sixty-four adults with CLBP (91 males) and 128 healthy controls (34 males) completed an online form including the FreBAQ-S and questionnaires related to the pain experience. All participants were Spanish and no gender identities differing from biological sex were reported. A week later, 113 CLBP participants and 45 healthy controls (41 and 13 males, respectively), re-answered the FreBAQ-S to evaluate test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor and multigroup analysis assessed the scale consistency on the patient sample. Discriminant and convergent validity were explored by between-group differences and the relationship with clinical characteristics. Reliability relied on Cronbach's alpha estimates and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change).
Confirmatory factor analysis showed a one-factor structure of the questionnaire, without supporting evidence for item deletion (CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.07; SRMRu = 0.064). Multigroup analyses do not support mean invariance between groups regarding health condition or sex. The FreBAQ-S demonstrated good discriminant and convergent validity, internal consistency ( = 0.82), and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78; SE = 3.41; MDC = 5.12). The FreBAQ-S is a valid and reliable tool to assess back awareness in clinical and non-clinical samples.
在慢性下腰痛（CLBP）中，身体意象紊乱已被视为导致该病症的一个因素以及潜在的治疗靶点。弗里曼特尔背部认知问卷（FreBAQ）可用于对此进行评估。遵循问卷跨文化翻译的国际准则，我们旨在将FreBAQ翻译成西班牙语（FreBAQ-S），并在讲西班牙语的CLBP患者样本中验证这份新问卷。
264名患有CLBP的成年人（91名男性）和128名健康对照者（34名男性）完成了一份在线表格，其中包括FreBAQ-S以及与疼痛体验相关的问卷。所有参与者均为西班牙人，且未报告有与生理性别不同的性别认同情况。一周后，113名CLBP参与者和45名健康对照者（分别为41名和13名男性）再次回答FreBAQ-S以评估重测信度。验证性因素分析和多组分析评估了患者样本上量表的一致性。通过组间差异以及与临床特征的关系来探究区分效度和聚合效度。信度依赖于克朗巴哈α系数估计值以及重测（组内相关系数、测量标准误、最小可检测变化）。
验证性因素分析显示问卷具有单因素结构，没有支持删除条目的证据（CFI = 0.97；TLI = 0.96；RMSEA = 0.06；SRMR = 0.07；SRMRu = 0.064）。多组分析不支持在健康状况或性别方面组间均值具有不变性。FreBAQ-S显示出良好的区分效度和聚合效度、内部一致性（= 0.82）以及重测信度（ICC = 0.78；SE = 3.41；MDC = 5.12）。FreBAQ-S是评估临床和非临床样本中背部认知的有效且可靠的工具。
