Risk of Bronchial Complications After Lung Transplantation With Respiratory . Results From a Monocenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

spp. are associated with respiratory infections in immunocompromised hosts. A link with bronchial complications after lung transplantation (LTx) has been suggested. We aimed to assess the link between respiratory sampling of spp. and significant bronchial complication (SBC) after LTx. We performed a single center retrospective study. Inclusion of LTx recipients with at least one respiratory spp. sample (July 2014 to December 2018). Subjects were matched to unexposed LTx recipients Primary outcome was SBC occurrence after spp. isolation. Secondary outcomes were spp. persistent sampling, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) onset and all-cause mortality. Fifty-nine patients with spp. sampling with 59 without isolation were included. spp. identification was not associated with SBC occurrence (32.4% vs. 21.6%, = 0.342). Previous SBC was associated with further isolation of spp. (OR 3.94, 95% CI [1.72-9.05]). Previous SBC and corticosteroids pulses in the last 3 months were the only factors associated with increased risk of spp. isolation in multivariate analysis. spp. sampling was significantly associated with CLAD onset (27.1% vs. 6.9%, = 0.021). spp. isolation was not associated with SBC but with higher risk of CLAD. Whether CLAD evolution is affected by spp. eradication remains to be investigated.