Memic-Serdarevic Amra, Lepuzanovic Muhamed, Sulejmanpasic Gorana, Hajric Selma Sabanagic, Bajramagic Nermina, Djozic Edina
Departement of Psychiatry, Clinical Center Univesity of Sarajevo, Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Cantonal Hospital of Bihac,Bihac Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mater Sociomed. 2022 Dec;34(4):254-259. doi: 10.5455/msm.2022.34.254-259.
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated significant symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression among health care workers, which can negatively affect the health and well-being of individuals. Although the WHO stressed the importance of nurturing mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a more significant response focused on this area was still lacking in most countries.
The aim of the study was to examine the differences in the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in healthcare professionals in relation to exposure to contact with COVID-19 positive patients, as well as to examine the differences and correlation of sociodemographic characteristics of health workers in the experience of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress.
The research included 266 respondents, and it used a socio-demographic questionnaire and the DASS-21 scale. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used in data processing.
The prevalence of high to extremely high symptoms of depression was reported in 45.49% of employees, anxiety 63.91% and stress 23.22%. Those who have been in continuous contact with COVID-19 positive patients, or 27.07%, report experiencing high or extremely high symptoms of depression, 36.60%, high to extremely high symptoms of anxiety, and 22.18% high to extremely high symptoms of stress.
The degree of self-care and family care, education level, and work experience were found to be a statistically significant factor in experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Workers who were more in contact with COVID19 patients reported a higher degree of symptom on the DASS-21 scale. Those employees with more work experience had previously encountered similar situations of uncertainty and pressure, had better developed defense mechanisms, and showed less pronounced symptoms. A higher level of education often implies a higher degree of involvement in active treatment around each patient, which results in more responsibility and pressure in a given situation.
High levels of stress, anxiety and depression in healthcare workers can lead to repercussions in their work with patients. Therefore, the mental health of health workers should be put in focus, as a very important part of the public health problem during the COVID19 pandemic.
新冠疫情在医护人员中引发了显著的压力、焦虑和抑郁症状，这可能会对个人的健康和幸福产生负面影响。尽管世界卫生组织强调了在新冠疫情背景下培养心理健康的重要性，但在大多数国家，针对这一领域仍缺乏更有力的应对措施。
本研究旨在探讨医护人员在接触新冠阳性患者方面的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平差异，以及医护人员社会人口学特征在抑郁、焦虑和压力症状体验方面的差异及相关性。
该研究纳入了266名受访者，并使用了社会人口学问卷和DASS-21量表。数据处理采用曼-惠特尼U检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验和斯皮尔曼相关系数。
报告显示，45.49%的员工有高度至极度严重的抑郁症状，63.91%有焦虑症状，23.22%有压力症状。那些持续接触新冠阳性患者的人，即27.07%，报告有高度或极度严重的抑郁症状，36.60%有高度至极度严重的焦虑症状，22.18%有高度至极度严重的压力症状。
自我护理和家庭护理程度、教育水平和工作经验被发现是抑郁、焦虑和压力症状体验的统计学显著因素。与新冠患者接触更多的工作人员在DASS-21量表上报告的症状程度更高。那些工作经验更丰富的员工以前曾遇到过类似的不确定性和压力情况，有更好的防御机制，症状表现不那么明显。较高的教育水平通常意味着在每位患者周围积极治疗的参与度更高，这在特定情况下会导致更多的责任和压力。
医护人员的高压力、焦虑和抑郁水平可能会对他们与患者的工作产生影响。因此，医护人员的心理健康应成为关注焦点，这是新冠疫情期间公共卫生问题的一个非常重要的部分。
