Yao T L, Nazre M, McKey D, Jalonen R, Duminil J
DIADE University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD Montpellier France.
Faculty of Forestry and Environment Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Mar 16;13(3):e9792. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9792. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Mangosteen ( var. ) is a popular tropical fruit, yet many aspects of its biology and evolutionary history are little known. Its origin remains contentious, although recent findings suggest . L. var. (Hook. .) Nazre (synonym: . Hook. .) as the sole progenitor. We review hypotheses on the origin of mangosteen and clarify points that have been affected by errors of fact and interpretation. The narrow focus and lack of detail in published results make their interpretation difficult. When possible, we support our interpretations with field observations and examination of herbarium specimens. We outline the main biological traits (e.g., dioecy, facultative apomixis, and polyploidy) of mangosteen and its wild relatives to infer traits that might have evolved during domestication of mangosteen. We find no clear indication that apomixis and polyploidy evolved during domestication. Polyploidy is known in the wild relatives, but apomixis has not yet been demonstrated. Also, we propose a testable new evolutionary-ecological framework that we call "Forest- Interface" to infer processes in the origin of mangosteen. (Malay) refers to subsistence orchards in this context. Lastly, we propose future studies to address identified knowledge gaps.
山竹（变种）是一种广受欢迎的热带水果，但其生物学和进化史的许多方面却鲜为人知。尽管最近的研究结果表明……，但其起源仍存在争议。L. var. （Hook. ）Nazre（同义词：……Hook. ）被认为是唯一的祖先。我们回顾了关于山竹起源的假说，并澄清了那些因事实错误和解释错误而受到影响的观点。已发表结果的关注点狭窄且缺乏细节，这使得对其进行解释变得困难。在可能的情况下，我们通过实地观察和对标本馆标本的检查来支持我们的解释。我们概述了山竹及其野生近缘种的主要生物学特性（如雌雄异株、兼性无融合生殖和多倍体），以推断山竹驯化过程中可能进化出的特性。我们没有发现明确的迹象表明无融合生殖和多倍体是在驯化过程中进化而来的。多倍体在其野生近缘种中存在，但无融合生殖尚未得到证实。此外，我们提出了一个可检验的新的进化生态框架，我们称之为“森林界面”，以推断山竹起源过程中的各种过程。（马来语）在此背景下指自给自足的果园。最后，我们提出了未来的研究方向，以填补已确定的知识空白。
